SINTESIS BIOGASOLIN DARI MINYAK BIJI NYAMPLUNG (CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS Pd/Al-MCM-41; SYNTHESIS OF BIOGASOLINE FROM NYAMPLUNG (CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM) SEEDS OIL USING Pd/Al-MCM-41 CATALYST

Juwono, Hendro, Triyono

2016 | Tesis | FMIPA

Biogasoline has been synthesized through catalytic hydrocracking of FAMEs compound using Al-MCM-41 and Pd/Al-MCM-41 catalysts. The Pd/Al- MCM-41 catalyst was synthesized from Al-MCM-41 by immersing in palladium chloride (PdCl2) solution. The mixture was stirred for 6 h at room temperature, filtered, dried and then calcined for 1 hour at 500 °C and reduced by hydrogen gas (0.5 mL/min) at 150 °C for 0.5 h. Hydrocracking was carried out on the fixed conditions at the reaction temperature of 200 °C, hydrogen gas and FAMEs vapour flow rate was 2.0 mL/sec. FAMEs or biodiesel was made of nyamplung oil seed by transesterification using Al-MCM-41 catalyst in a batch reactor. Composition of biogasoline and FAMEs compounds was determined by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Characterization of Al-MCM-41 and Pd/Al-MCM-41 catalyst include, crystalinity determination by X-ray diffraction (XRD), measurement of the metal content by Induced Coupled Plasma (ICP), the surface morphology of material by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Surface area and porosity by Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA), metal on the catalyst by X-ray photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), and the acidity of the catalyst by pyridine adsorption method. The results of characterization prove that Al-MCM-41 and Pd/Al-MCM-41 catalyst were formed, the acidity of catalyst increased, the surface area and the pore diameter of the catalyst were decreased and the image of SEM showed the metal was dispersed at hexagonal walls of MCM-41. The catalyst performance test showed that Al-MCM-41 catalyst was able to convert the nyamplung seed oil to FAMEs of 98.15 wt %. While hydrocarbons C7 - C12 were produced of the catalytic hydrocracking of FAMEs by Al-MCM-41, Pd(1)/Al-MCM-41 and Pd(2)/Al-MCM-41 catalysts. Higher amount of Pd metal impregnated the catalyst has higher acidity and it has higher activity. The performance of biodiesel obtained at 10% biodiesel with 90% solar Pertamina showed that optimum engine power was achieved at 2500 hp while the loading value 1800 watt.

Kata Kunci : Biogasoline, Pd/Al-MCM-41 catalyst, FAMEs, Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) seed oil, catalytic hydrocracking