FABRIKASI KOMPOSIT NANOFIBER SELULOSA/PVA (POLYVINYL ALCOHOL) MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELECTROSPINNING; FABRICATION OF CELLULOSE/PVA (POLYVINYL ALCOHOL) NANOFIBER COMPOSITE BY ELECTROSPINNING

Astuti, Wijayanti D, Kuwat Triyana

2015 | Disertasi | FMIPA

Composite nanofiber of cellulose/PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) has been fabricated by electrospinning at 15 kV, the distance between the needle tip and the collector plate was set at 13 cm, while the diameter of syringe needle was 0.4 mm.. Cellulose that used in this study was extracted from the base of kenaf by repeated chemical treatments of alkalization and bleaching. Alkalization was done by soaking kenaf in the solution of 6% (w/v) NaOH at ~100°C for 3 hours followed by bleaching in the solution of 1% (w/v) NaOH + 3% (v/v) H2O2 at ~70°C for 1 hour. SEM micrograph of untreated and treated fibers showed that the chemical treatments efficiently removed the non cellulosic component and produced the cellulose in the form of liquid suspension (CSS). The CSS was consist of the mixture of nanoparticle and nanorod cellulose ((172 ± 2) nm diameter and (1322 ± 42) nm length). XRD spectrum of treated kenaf revealed the peak of cellulose crystallinity at 12,20°, 19,95°, 21,95°, dan 34,50°. Tensile testing of composite cellulose/PVA performed according to ASTM standard D-638 and showed that cellulose increased the tensile strength of the composite up to (16.70 ± 0.96) MPa in the use of 80% CSS.

Kata Kunci : kenaf fibers; composites; cellulose; ASTM D-638