TIGA JENIS TANAMAN SELASIH (Ocimum basilicum): ANALISIS KEMOTIPE, INDUKSI GELOMBANG MIKRO SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS HAMA DAN BAKTERI; THREE VARIETIES OF BASILS (Ocimum basilicum): CHEMOTYPING, MICROWAVE INDUCTION AND BIOACTIVITY ASSAY TO PEST AND BACTERIA

Rubiyanto, Dwiarso, Chairil Anwar

2015 | Tesis | FMIPA

Utilization of plant basil (Ocimum basilicum) in chemistry is still limited even may be very rare. The plant varieties spreading could be hundreds. It caused various content and chemical composition varied with its characteristic functional. Many common basil plants with similar morphology have different primary compounds and vice versa. Complete chemotype approach was the first method to gain the perfect nature of the essential oil of basils to distinguish exactly of those varieties. Second, using microwave induction method (MWI) in converting chemical components in the chemotype to examine the chemical changing among the chemicals. And finnally, research was done in the term of bioactivity assay of each essential oil of basils. It can be used to find out the difference activity both of the condition before and after MWI. In this dissertation, it was found that the chemical composition of the essential oils of each basil type had a dominant presence of the compound that served as a simple chemotype. In addition it was found also the presence of the compounds for each treatment of the material. Those compounds were called a complete chemotype. Three types of basil plants studied had different simple chemotype i.e., lemon basil plant is a type of citral , purple basil plant is a type of methyl eugenol and green basil plant is a type of methyl chavicol. While complete chemotype to plant lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum) is : trans-citral > cis-citral > cis- alpha bisabolene > (-)- caryophyllene oxide > trans caryophyllene > alpha bergamotene > ( E )-beta farnesene > germacrene-D > beta bisabolene > beta sesqui phellandrene. Complete chemotype to plant purple basil (Ocimum canum) are : methyl eugenol > 1,8 - cineol > germacrene D > beta elemene > delta guaiene > camphor > germacrene-B > L- linallool > alpha guaiene > alpha humulene > alpha copaene > bornyl acetate. Complete chemotype to plant xxiv green basil (Ocimum violaceum) are : methyl chavicol > methyl eugenol > 1,8 - cineol > alpha amorphene > beta elemene > trans-caryophyllene > alpha bergamotene. Chemical components that make up chemotypes of basil essential oil above might change when subjected to the method of chemical reactions induced by microwaves. It was found that the optimum reaction conditions on the conversion of basil oil derivatives by MWI vary between lemon basil, purple basil and green basil essential oils. In this study also found that essential oil of basil and its derivatives had repellant and attractant bioactivity as well as antibacterial activity against the growth of Staphyllococus aureus and Escherichia coli. In general, the assay showed that the essential oils form before subjected MWI method has greater antibacterial activity than its derivatives although both have greater antibacterial activity than the positive control.

Kata Kunci : basil oil; micro wave; bioactivity; biopesticides; antibacterial