DISTILASI DAN KARAKTERISASI TAR RINGAN HASIL PIROLISIS TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN BAKAR; DISTILLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGHT TAR RESULTED FROM COCONUT SHELL PYROLISIS AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL

Hasanah, Uswatun, Bambang Setiaji

2015 | Tesis | FMIPA

Coconut shell tar is a waste of coconut shell pyrolysis which in this study was characterized its feasiblity as fuel. The tar is composed of light and heavy tar obtained from the distillation of coconut shell liquid pyrolysis resulted from Integrated Coconut Processing Industry PT. Tropica Nucifera Industry in Yogyakarta. The light tar was distilled to get good fuel fraction. The characterization of the light tar and its fractions was carried out to determine its physical properties including: viscosity (ASTM D 445), density (D 1298), moisture content (ASTM D 95) with a calorific value of bomb calorimeter, pH with pHmeter and color (ASTM Luvibond scale). The composition of the fractions were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Based on GCMS analysis, the light tar contains 79 compounds, with phenol as the main component (16.4%). The physical properties of light tar was highly flammable with a flash point of less than 27oC, specific gravity of 0.99, ash content of 0.01%, kinematic viscosity of 25.5 cSt, and the calorific value of 10,304 kcal/g. The heavy tar contains 18 compounds with phenol (31.2%) as the highest component. The physical properties of heavy tar was difficult to burn with a flash point of 134oC, specific gravity of 1,13, ash content of 0,46%, kinematic viscosity of 185 cSt, pH of 2.5 and the calorific value of 6,210 kcal/g. The distillation of light tar gave 4 fractions: fraction 1 (top) and fraction 2 (bottom) with the boiling ranges of 50-100oC; fraction 3 with boiling range 100-130oC and fraction 4 (residue) with a boiling point of more than 130oC. The ASTM color scale increases with increase of boiling point, becoming more soot in the ignition and increases the density and viscosity. The best biofuel was the fraction 1 (top phase, the boiling point 50-100oC) with the yields of more than 22% of the sample light tar; bright yellow (ASTM color scale of 1), the calorific value of 10,736 kcal/g, pH of 3.5, kinematic viscosity of 6.14 cSt and flash point of less than 10oC. The GCMS analysis of this fraction detected 50 compounds with the highest compounds groups was ester of 37,13 % and hydrocarbon of 27,3% and the highest single component was methyl acetate of 15.9%.

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