KARAKTERISASI MIKRO DAN NANOSELULOSA HASIL EKSTRAKSI DARI SERAT SISAL DAN KENAF; CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTRACTED MICRO AND NANOCELLULOSE FROM SISAL AND KENAF FIBER

Purwanto, Kuwat Triyana

2014 | Disertasi | Program Studi S2 Fisika

Cellulose nanoparticles are natural materials that is usually extracted from natural fibers using chemical or mechanical treatment. In this study, cellulose nanoparticles from sisal and kenaf fibers are obtained by chemical treatment of the provision of scouring, bleaching and hydrolysis. Scouring and bleaching on sisal and kenaf fiber use a solution of equal treatment. For scouring, it is used 6 % NaOH, while bleaching using 10g / L NaOH + 100ml / L H2O2 with continuous stirring by a magnetic stirrer. Hydrolysis process uses H2SO4 with concentration variation for sisal: 20%, 25% and 30%, while for kenaf: 20%, 30% and 60%. Various concentration influences to the morphology and structure of the resulting fiber. Centrifuge with a rotation speed of 7000 rpm in 10 minutes performed 5 times serves to separate the fibers from the influence of sulfuric acid. To produce uniformly dispersed cellulose uses ultrasonic cleaner for 30 minutes at 40°C temperature. Fourier tranform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups in untreated and the treated kenaf fibers. The morphology and microstructure of the fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystallinity index of the fiber can be determined using X-Ray Difraction (XRD), while tranmitansi produced from cellulose can be determined using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis). Transmition Electrons Microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the diameter of nanometer-sized cellulose. Treatment scouring, bleaching and hydrolysis in sisal and kenaf fiber greatly influences the surface morphology, crystallinity index and very effective to eliminate noncellulose components, especially lignin component. The smallest diameter of sisal fibers produced for about 70 ± 4 nm, whereas for kenaf fibers was 63 ± 10 nm.

Kata Kunci : EXTRACTED MICRO, NANOCELLULOSE