PENENTUAN DOSIS INFEKSI-50 Escherichia coli STRAIN APEC DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIK JANTUNG DAN HEPAR PADA AYAM BROILER UMUR 21 HARI

MAHARI, Desiana Ade , Tri Untari

2014 | Skripsi |

Patogenesitas Escherichia coli secara in vivo dapat diketahui dengan penentuan dosis infeksi-50 (DI50). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan DI50 E. coli strain avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) dan mengetahui gambaran histopatologik pada organ jantung dan hepar ayam broiler. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 42 ekor day-old-chicken (DOC) yang dipelihara hingga umur 14 hari kemudian diinfeksi E.coli strain APEC secara intraperitoneal dan per oral. Dosis infeksi-50 ditentukan dengan metode Reed dan Muench. Isolasi dan identifikasi E.coli dari jantung dan hati ditanam pada media eosin methylene blue (EMB), Mac Conkey agar (MCA), serta diuji reaksi biokemis dengan uji triple sugar iron (TSI), indole-methyl red-Voges Proskauer- Citrate (IMVIC) dan agar urea. Perubahan histopatologik diamati dari organ jantung dan hati dengan pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DI50 E.coli strain APEC pada ayam broiler adalah 2 x 104,4 sel per ml (sel/ml), mampu menyebabkan sakit pada ayam broiler umur 35 hari dengan gejala depresi, anoreksi, membran niktitans tertutup, diare profus, dan kelemahan umum. Pada pemeriksaan mikroskopik hepar ayam yang diinfeksi terlihat adanya infiltrasi sel heterofil di sekitar pembuluh darah yang bersifat multifokal dan penebalan kapsula Glissoni dengan infiltrasi sel radang heterofil dan fibrin. Pada pemeriksaan mikroskopik jantung ayam yang diinfeksi terlihat adanya infiltrasi limfosit dan heterofil di perikardium, dan terlihat penebalan di perikardium.

Pathogenecity of Escherichia coli could be known by the determination of infective dose-50 in in vivo study. The objective of this study is to determinate ID50 of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in chicken and is to find out the histopathological image of chicken’s heart and liver after infected with that dose. In this study were used 42 of day old chicken (DOC) regardless their sex types. Those chickens were kept until 14 days old then were infected with APEC. The infective dose-50 was determined by Reed and Muench method. Isolation and identification of E.coli from heart and liver was cultured on eosin methylene blue (EMB) and mac Conkey agar (MCA). Biochemical reaction was tested with triple sugar iron agar (TSIA), Indole-Methyl red-Voges Proskauer-Citrate (IMVIC) test and Urea agar. Histopathological image of heart and liver was observed. The results of this study is infective dose of APEC in broiler chicken was 2 x 104,4 cell per ml (cell/ml). This dose caused damage in 35-day-aged broiler with clinical change of depression, anorexic, closing of the nictitans membrane, profuse diarrhea, dull, and general weaknesses. Microscopically of liver showed there was multifocal of heterophile infiltration around the blood vessel, and there was proliferation of Glissoni capsula with infiltration of inflammation cell and fibrin. Microscopically of heart showed there was lymphocytes and heterophile infiltration in pericardium, and thickening of pericardium.

Kata Kunci : ayam broiler, dosis infeksi-50 (DI50), histopatologik jantung dan hepar, E.coli strain APEC