ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI VIRUS EGG DROP SYNDROME PADA AYAM LAYER

FITRAWATI, Fidyah , Michael Haryadi Wibowo

2013 | Skripsi |

Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) merupakan penyakit yang menyerang pada ayam layer fase produksi dan menyebabkan tidak tercapainya puncak produksi, penurunan produksi, serta adanya telur tanpa kerabang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi virus EDS pada ayam layer yang didiagnosis sebagai penyakit EDS dengan uji hemaglutinasi (HA) dan hemaglutinasi inhibisi (HI). Sampel yang digunakan yaitu FF/Sleman/2011 berupa uterus ayam layer dan air cucian telur, serta uterus ayam layer specific pathogen free (SPF) yang diinfeksi SR/WNO/2011. Ayam layer SPF berasal dari Bandung dan sedang dalam masa produksi diberi campuran pakan telur tanpa kerabang dari SR/WNO/2011. Ayam tersebut bersama dengan ayam FF/Sleman/2011 dinekropsi ketika telah menunjukkan gejala infeksi dan diambil uterusnya untuk dijadikan sampel. Gejala infeksi ditunjukkan oleh adanya telur berbentuk tidak teratur dan atau pucat. Ayam FF/Sleman/2011 dieksplorasi pada bagian infundibulum dan ditemukan telur tanpa kerabang. Telur tersebut kemudian dicuci menggunakan PBS steril dengan antibiotik dan dijadikan sampel. Ketiga sampel selanjutnya dipropagasi di dalam cairan allantois telur bebek berembrio SPF yang berumur 16 hari. Cairan allantois dipanen setelah diinkubasi selama 4 hari, kemudian dilakukan uji HA dan HI dengan serum anti AI, ND, serta EDS. Uji HA dan HI dengan serum anti EDS menggunakan eritrosit ayam 0,8%. Hasil positif uji HA ditunjukkan dengan adanya agregat sel eritrosit yang terbentuk akibat ikatan protein hemaglutinin virus dengan reseptor permukaan eritrosit. Hal ini berbeda dengan uji HI yang menggunakan serum anti AI, ND, dan EDS untuk menguji kesesuaian virus dengan serum anti tersebut. Serum anti yang spesifik akan berikatan dengan virus sehingga reaksi hemaglutinasi terhambat. Uji HA sampel uterus SR/WNO/2011dan FF/Sleman/2011 keduanya menunjukkan titer 23 unit HA dan sampel air cuci telur FF/Sleman/2011 22 unit HA. Uji HI sebagai pembanding dengan serum anti Newcastle disease (ND) dan Avian Influenza (AI) menunjukkan hasil negatif, sementara uji dengan serum anti EDS menunjukkan hasil positif. Berdasarkan hasil uji HA dan HI tersebut dapat disimpulkan virus yang tumbuh pada cairan allantois merupakan virus EDS.

Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) is a disease that attacks the layer hen in production phase and causes the failing of peak production, the decreasing production, and the presence of an egg without a shell. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the EDS virus in chicken layer that was diagnosed as a disease of EDS by hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The sample used was chicken’s uterus and residual water of egg washing from FF/Sleman/2011, along with uterus from specific pathogen free (SPF) layer chicken that was infected by SR/WNO/2011. Specific pathogen free layer chicken which was from Bandung and was passing through the production phase was fed with food which was mixed with egg without shell from SR/WNO/2011. The chicken together with with chicken FF/Sleman/2011 were dissected when symptoms of infection shown and the uterus taken to make it as the sample. Symptoms of infection was shown by the presence of dents or pale eggs. Infundibulum of chicken FF/Sleman/2011 was explored and was found out the egg without eggshell. Then the egg was washed using sterile PBS and became the sample. The three subsequent samples was propagated in allantois fluid of embryonated duck eggs that was 16 days. Allantoic fluid was harvested after incubation for 4 days, then it was tested by with HA and HI assay. HA and HI test with EDS anti serum used chicken’s eritrosit in percentage 0,8. HA test positive result was indicated by erythrocyte cell aggregates formed by the viral hemagglutinin protein binding to erythrocyte surface receptors. This assay was different with HI assay that uses anti serum Avian Influenza (AI), Newcastle disease (ND), and EDS to test suitability of the virus with that anti serum. The specific anti serum would bind with that virus and block the hemagglutination reaction. HA test in uterus sample of both SR/WNO/2011 and FF/Sleman/2011 showed titer 23 HA units and egg wash water sample of FF/Sleman/2011 showed titer 22 HA units. HI test for comparison with anti serum ND and AI were negative, while tests with anti serum EDS showed positive results. Based on HA and HI test results, we can conclude that the virus which grew in allantoic fluid was EDS virus.

Kata Kunci : Virus Egg Drop Syndrome, Hemaglutinasi (HA), Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi (HI)