Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawah (PE) Normal, Mastitis Subklinis, dan Mastitis Klinis pada Beberapa Peternakan di Sleman, Yogyakarta

YULIANA, Dian, Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni

2012 | Skripsi |

Susu kambing merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Susu kambing memiliki beberapa khasiat yang sangat baik untuk kesehatan. Salah satu penghambat dalam produksi susu adalah mastitis atau radang ambing. Mastitis sebagian besar disebabkan oleh bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosentase kejadian mastitis serta macam-macam bakteri yang terdapat pada susu kambing PE normal, mastitis subklinis, dan mastitis klinis. Sebanyak 7 sampel susu kambing dari Bapak Hindarto, 20 sampel dari Bapak Gandung, dan 9 sampel dari Bapak Slamet dilakukan uji untuk menentukan susu normal atau mastitis subklinis dengan IPB-1. Mastitis klinis ditentukan berdasarkan perubahan pada ambing dan sekresi susu. Sebanyak 36 sampel ditanam pada media Plat Agar Darah (PAD), diinkubasi selama 18-24 jam pada suhu 370C. Koloni diamati kemudian dikelompokkan berdasarkan morfologi koloni dan dilakukan pengecatan Gram. Bakteri kokus Gram positif dilanjutkan uji katalase, dan katalase positif dilanjutkan uji koagulase, penanaman pada media Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Voges Proskauer, dan Vogel Johnson Agar (VJA). Kelompok bakteri kokus Gram positif katalase negatif dilanjutkan dengan penanaman pada media NaCl 6,5%, Methylene Blue Milk 0,1%, dan Mac Conkey Agar (MCA) pada suhu 370C selama 18-24 jam, serta kaldu Brain Heart Solution (BHI) pada suhu 450C selama 18-24 jam. Bakteri basil Gram negatif dilanjutkan penanaman pada media Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB), Triple Sugar Iron (TSI), Sulfide Indol Motility (SIM), agar urea, Uji Indol, Methyl red, Voges Proskauer, Citrat (IMViC) dan fermentasi gula-gula. Bakteri basil Gram positif dilakukan pengecatan spora, dan pada bakteri non spora dilanjutkan dengan pengecatan tahan asam. Hasil penentuan status sampel susu kambing PE adalah susu normal 30,55%, mastitis subklinis 66,67%, dan mastitis klinis 2,78%. Hasil identifikasi bakteri pada susu normal diperoleh Staphylococcus aureus 52,3%, Staphylococcus intermedius 4,8%, Staphylococcus sp 4,8%, Escherichia coli 4,8%, basil Gram (+) berspora 9,5%, dan basil Gram (-) 23,8%. Identifikasi bakteri pada susu mastitis subklinis diperoleh Staphylococcus aureus 48,8%, Staphylococcus intermedius 9,76%, Staphylococcus sp 9,76%, Streptococcus sp 12,2%, Escherichia coli 2,43%, basil Gram (+) berspora 2,43%, basil Gram (+) tidak tahan asam 4,86%, dan basil Gram (-) 9,76%. Pada mastitis klinis terdapat Staphylococcus aureus 50% dan basil Gram (-) 50%. Prosentase kejadian mastitis subklinis pada susu kambing PE sangat tinggi. Ada berbagai macam bakteri yang teridentifikasi pada susu kambing PE baik normal, mastitis subklinis, maupun mastitis klinis. Kata kunci : Bakteri, Mastitis Subklinis, Mastitis Klinis, Susu Kambing PE, Sleman

Goat’s milk is one of the sources of animal protein for the people of Indonesia. Goat’s milk has several benefits are very good for health. One limiting in milk production is mastitis or inflammation of the udder disease. The majority of mastitis caused by bacteria. This study aims to determine the percentage incidence of mastitis as well as all kinds of bacteria from normal goat’s milk, subclinical mastitis, and clinical mastitis. A total of 7 samples of goat’s milk from Mr. Hindarto, 20 samples from Mr.Gandung, and 9 samples from Mr.Slamet were test to determine the normal milk or subclinical mastitis by IPB-1. Clinical mastitis is determine based on the observed changes in milk secretion. Thirty six samples of milk were then cultured on the blood agar media, incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. Colonies were observed and classified according to the morphology and then observed with Gram staining. Group of Gram possitive cocci were then tested by catalase, and catalase possitive were then tested by coagulase, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), and Vogel Johnson Agar (VJA). Groups of bacteria with negative catalase test followed by inoculated in NaCl 6,5%, Methylene Blue Milk 1%, and Mac Conkey Agar (MCA) incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours, and Brain Heart Solution broth (BHI) at temperature 450C for 18-24 hours. Bacil Gram negative group were inoculated on Eosin Methylen Blue (EMB), Triple Sugar Iron (TSI), Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM), urea agar, indole test, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer, Citrat (IMViC), and sugar fermentation test. Bacil Gram positive were then spores staining and non spores bacteria followed by acid-fast staining. The results of this study showed that normal milk 30,55%, subclinical mastitis 66,67%, and clinical mastitis 2,78%. Identification of bacteria on normal milk showed 52,3% Staphylococcus aureus, 4,8% Staphylococcus intermedius, 4,8% Staphylococcus sp, 4,8% Escherichia coli, 9,5% bacil Gram (+) spores, and 23,8% bacil Gram (-). On subclinical mastitis are 48,8% Staphylococcus aureus, 9,76% Staphylococcus intermedius, 9,76% Staphylococcus sp, 12,2% Streptococcus sp, 2,43% Escherichia coli, 2,43% bacil Gram (+) spores, 4,86% bacil Gram (+) not resistant acid, and 9,76% bacil Gram (-). On clinical mastitis showed Staphylococcus aureus 50% and bacil Gram (-) 50%. Percentage incidence of subclinical mastitis in goat’s milk is very high. There are different kinds of bacteria were identified in normal goat’s milk, subclinical mastitis, and clinical mastitis. Keywords: Bacteria, goat’s milk, subclinical mastitis, clinical mastitis, Sleman

Kata Kunci : Bakteri, Mastitis Subklinis, Mastitis Klinis, Susu Kambing PE, Sleman