Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Kersen (Muntingia calabura) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah dan Gambaran Histopatologis Pankreas Tikus (Rattus novergicus) yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin

PRAMONO, Vembriarto Jati, Agustina Dwi Wijayanti

2012 | Skripsi |

Diabetes mellitus merupakan sekumpulan gejala yang salah satunya ditandai dengan kadar glukosa darah melebihi nilai normal (hiperglikemia) akibat tubuh kekurangan insulin. Buah kersen (Muntinga calabura) merupakan tumbuhan yang diduga mengandung bahan aktif berkhasiat sebagai antidiabetes seperti asam askorbat, fiber, betakaroten, riboflavin, tiamin dan niacin. Penelitian ini penting untuk mengetahui potensi buah kersen dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah. Hewan coba yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan berjumlah 25 ekor umur 6 minggu. Tahap selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok I (kontrol negatif) diberi 2 ml NaCl fisiologis, kelompok II (kontrol positif) diberi 2 ml NaCl fisiologis, kelompok III diberi ekstrak buah kersen 100 mg/kg BB, kelompok IV diberi ekstrak buah kersen 200 mg/kg BB, dan kelompok V diberi ekstrak buah kersen 400 mg/kg BB. Diabetes mellitus pada kelompok 2-5 diinduksi dengan streptozotocin. Pemeriksaan kadar gula darah tikus putih didasarkan pada kadar gula pre-penelitian, hari 14, dan hari 28. Nilai gula darah yang didapat sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dianalisa menggunakan metode Repeated Analysis of Variance (Repated ANOVA). Tikus dinekropsi untuk dilihat gambaran histopatologi pankreas dengan pengecatan Gomori’s Chromium Hematoxylin Phloxine Stain for Cytoplasmic Granules. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar glukosa darah pre-penelitian, hari 14, dan hari 28 dalam satuan mg/dl yaitu, kelompok I (133±40,07, 164±18,61, 105±10,02), kelompok II (136±63,54, 362±214,04, 431±45,57), kelompok III (133±53,36, 513±102,38, 109±37,23), kelompok IV (100±54,62, 376±111,75, 153±75,04), dan kelompok V (83±7,81, 225±67,68, 169±110,53). Berdasarkan analisis statistik diketahui bahwa kelompok III menunjukkan penurunan kadar gula darah yang bermakna pada hari 28, sehingga dosis 100 mg/kg BB berpotensi menimbulkan efek penurun gula darah yang baik. Pemeriksaan histopatologis memberikan hasil prosentase sel tervakuolisasi kelompok I-V adalah 8,09 %, 75,76 %, 63,34 %, 61,30 %, 60,62 %. Pemberian ekstrak buah kersen dapat menurunkan jumlah sel β pankreas yang mengalami vakuolisasi pada pemeriksaan histopatologis. Kata kunci : Rattus norvegicus, diabetes melitus, kersen, gula darah dan sel β pankreas

Diabetes mellitus is a set of symptoms which is marked by exceed of blood glucose level than its normal values (hyperglycemia) due to body lack of insulin. Kersen fruit (Muntinga calabura) is a plant expected containing active antidiabetic ingredients such as ascorbic acid, fiber, beta-carotene, riboflavin, thiamine and niacin. The study was conducted to determine kersen fruit potentials in lowering blood sugar level. Animal models used in this study were male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) accounted for 25 rat and it have 6 weeks. The next Stage is divided into 5 groups : group I (negative control) were given 2 ml physiological saline, group II (positive control) were given 2 ml physiological saline, group III was given kersen fruit extract 100 mg/kg, group IV were given kersen fruit extract 200 mg/kg, and group V were given kersen fruit extract 400 mg/kg. Diabetes mellitus on groups 2-5 induced by streptozotocin. Examination of white rats in blood sugar levels are based on sugar levels of pre-experimental, days 14 and days 28. Blood sugar values obtained before treatment and after treatment were analyzed using Repeated Analysis of Variance (Repated ANOVA). After that, rats killed and necropsy for pancreatic histopathological picture seen with Gomori's Staining Hematoxylin Phloxine Chromium Stain for Cytoplasmic Granules. The results showed levels of glucose in the blood of -experimental, days 14 and days 28 in units of mg/dl, Group I (133±40,07, 164±18,61, 105±10,02), group II (136±63,54, 362±214,04, 431±45,57), group III (133±53,36, 513±102,38, 109±37,23), group IV (100±54,62, 376±111,75, 153±75,04), and group V (83±7,81, 225±67,68, 169±110,53). Based on statistical analysis is known that group III showed blood sugar levels a meaningful at days 28, so that a dose of 100 mg/kg could be potentially cause lowering blood sugar effect is the best. Histopathologic examination showed percentage of cells being vacuolated on groups I-V was 8,09%, 75,76%, 63,34%, 61,30%, 60,62%. Kersen fruit extract can reduce the number of pancreatic β cells that had vacuolated on histopathologic examination. Key words: Rattus norvegicus, diabetes mellitus, kersen fruit, blood sugar and pancreatic β cells.

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