Hubungan AntaraPraktek Biosekuriti dengan Kejadian Avian Influenza pada Peternakan Ayam Pedaging di Sektor 3 Milik Mitra PT. Duta Technovet di DIY Selama 1 Siklus Pemeliharaan.

SADARMAN, A.E.T.H. Wahyuni

2010 | Tesis |

Pengendalian AI pada ayam pedaging ditujukan pada praktek biosekuriti yang ketat, yang didukung oleh maternal antibody (MAb) yang tinggi dan homogen. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menyidik hubungan antara penerapan biosekuriti dengan tingkat kejadian penyakit AI pada ayam pedaging di sektor 3 dengan sistem pemeliharaan kandang terbuka dan menerapkan praktek biosekuriti level rendah selama 1 siklus pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini terfokus pada satu perusahaan inti PT. Duta Technovet yang memiliki mitra dengan populasi ayam pedaging yang dipelihara per unit kandang minimal 1.000 ekor. Unit penelitian ini adalah kandang ayam pedaging sebanyak 18 kandang (n) dengan rincian 6 kandang milik peternak Desa Sendang Sari Kecamatan Pajangan Kabupaten Bantul, 6 kandang milik peternak Desa Getas Kecamatan Playen Kabupaten Gunungkidul dan 6 kandang milik peternak Desa Pakem Kecamatan Pakem Kabupaten Sleman di Wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Pengelompokan kategori penilaian biosekuriti didasarkan pada jumlah skor jawaban. Kategori usaha peternakan dengan biosekuriti baik dan jelek bila jumlah skor memenuhi kriteria yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti, yakni antara mean biosekuriti ≥ 50 dibandingkan dengan biosekuriti < 50. Diagnosis penyakit AI dilakukan dengan bedah bangkai (nekropsi) pada ayam pedaging sakit untuk mengetahui kemungkinan adanya perubahan organ yang khas oleh AI. Diagnosis patologis diperkuat dengan uji serologis untuk melihat ada tidaknya antibodi terhadap virus AI dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Isolasi virus AI menggunakan swab kloaka dilakukan di Laboratorium Virologi Balai Besar Veteriner (BBVet) Wates. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dikumpulkan dan dianalisis dengan uji Fisher’s exact test (FET) dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SPSS for Windows Versi 15.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan secara bermakna (P>0.05) terhadap kejadian penyakit AI pada ayam pedaging yang dipelihara di sektor 3 dengan kondisi biosekuriti baik dan jelek. Walaupun tidak ada perbedaan bermakna, namun terlihat adanya penurunan resiko kejadian penyakit AI pada kandang-kandang yang menerapkan beberapa elemen dari biosekuriti tersebut. Kata kunci : Ayam pedaging, avian influenza, biosekuriti

The control strategies of avian influenza (AI) in broiler operations primarily depend on tight biosecurity and high as well as homogenous maternal antibody (MAb). This experiment was designed to study the relationship between the level of biosecurity and the incidence of AI in one rearing period of broiler farms at sector-3 with an opened house system and low level of biosecurity. This study was done in contract broiler company farms of PT. Duta Technovet which has a minimum of 1.000 chickens. This study was conducted in 18 houses (n) of broiler farms which were distributed in 3 different villages of 3 different subdistricts and districts in Yogyakarta Special Region. Six broiler houses were selected from Sendang Sari Village of Pajangan subdistrict of the district of Bantul; 6 broiler houses were from Getas Village of Playen subdistrict of the district of Gunungkidul; and 6 broiler houses were from Pakem village of Pakem subdistrict of the district of Sleman. The judgment of the level of biosecurity is based on the score of the prepared questionnaire for the broiler farmers; the score for good biosecurity is between mean ≥ 50 versus bad biosecurity <50. Diagnosis of AI was based on necropsy findings of sick chickens for specific pathologic changes of AI. In addition to the pathologic diagnosis, serologic evaluation for the presence of antibody against AI virus was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University. Isolation of AI virus employing cloacal swab was done in the Virology Laboratory of Balai Besar Veteriner (BBVet) Wates. Data were collected and analyzed with the Fisher's exact test (FET), using the software SPSS of Windows version 15.0. Results of this study indicate that there were no significant difference in AI incidence (Fisher's exact test, P> 0.05) in both types of biosecurity practices. This is most likely related to the short life of the broilers, so that the likelihood of exposure to AI virus were very low. Results of this study were also indicated that there was a decrease in the risk of the incidence of AI in broiler farms which were practicing several elements of the biosecurity. Keywords: Brolier chicken, avian influenza, biosecurity

Kata Kunci : Ayam pedaging, avian influenza, biosekuriti