Identifikasi Subtipe Virus Avian Influenza pada non migratory birds yang ditemukan di Peternakan Ayam Sistem Terbuka dan Karakterisasi Gen HA H5N1 di Sumatera Utara.

MARTDELIZA, Widya Asmara

2010 | Tesis |

Non migratory bird merupakan burung yang bisa beradaptasi memanfaatkan sumber makanan sisa manusia dan hewan peliharaan. Hal ini menyebabkan kedekatan non migratory bird dengan manusia dan unggas di peternakan komersil sistem terbuka yang banyak terdapat di daerah Sumatera Utara. Dengan fakta ini, harus dipertimbangkan kemungkinan non migratory birds berperan dalam penyebaran virus avian influenza (VAI). Oleh karena itu perlu program pelacakan dan monitoring khusus, tidak hanya penting untuk industri unggas tetapi juga meningkatkan kesadaran tentang potensi resiko penularan ke manusia.Identifikasi subtipe dan karakterisasi VAI pada non migratory birds perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan VAI pada non migratory birds, identifikasi tipe/subtipe VAI dari non migratory birds dan mengetahui kekerabatan VAI H5N1 isolat asal non migratory bird pada tingkat gen HA dengan VAI H5N1 isolat asal ayam. Isolat untuk penelitian ini berasal dari peternakan komersil sistem terbuka di daerah Sumatera Utara. Pengujian laboratorium dibagi menjadi dua tahap. Tahap pertama, propagasi virus pada TAB (SAN 9-11 hari), deteksi virus dengan uji hemaglutinasi/hambatan hemaglutinasi (HA/HI) dan Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain (RT-PCR) yang dilakukan di Balai Penyidikan dan Pengujian Veteriner Medan. Tahap kedua, sequensing terhadap gen H5 dilakukan di First BASE Laboratorium Sdn Bhd, Malaysia. Hasil dianalisa secara deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua isolat virus asal burung kecuali virus Sp-Stabat-86.25-2009 dengan metode RT-PCR menunjukkan hasil positif H5N1, sedangkan virus Sp-Stabat-86.25-2009 menunjukkan hasil positif subtipe H10. Salah satu burung gereja (Sp-Sergei-68.4-2009) mengalami infeksi campuran VAI subtipe H5 dan H3. Sekuen gen HA terbatas menunjukkan tingkat homologi yang tinggi (98 – 99 %) antara isolat asal ayam dan burung yang berasal dari lokasi yang sama. Kata kunci: Avian influenza virus, Non migratory birds, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain, Subtipe

Non migratory bird is a bird which could be adapted to use human and animal waste products as their food. Their close relation to humans and open poultry farms in North Sumatra, could be as sources for the continuous availability of bird’s food. This fact, should be considered as the potential possibilities of non migratory bird for Avian Influenza virus’s (AIV) transmission. Therefore, it is important to conduct tracking and monitoring program because of it will be urgently needed, particularly for the poultry industry and to increase the awareness of its potential risk to human transmission. Sub typing and characterization of avian influenza virus in Non migratory birds become a necessity. The purpose of this research is to detect AIV in non migratory birds, sub typing AIV in non migratory birds, and to find out whether the AIV H5N1 from the non migratory bird has a close relation to AIV H5N1 from chicken, based on the sequence of hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Samples collected from open poultry farms at HPAIV infected areas in North Sumatera. The laboratory works divided into two steps. First step consist of virus propagation in SAN eggs, virus detection with Hemagglutination/hemagglutination Inhibition Assay (HA/HI Assay) and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) against the HA and neuraminidase (NA) genes conducted at Disease Investigation Center Medan. Second step of laboratory work, genetic sequencing based on HA gen conducted at First BASE laboratory, Sdn Bhd, Malaysia. The results were analyzed descriptively. In conclusion, based on the research results showed that all birds except Sp-86.25-2009 were positive H5N1, while virus-Stabat Sp-86.25-2009 positive for H10 subtype. Another finding is one sparrow (Sp-Sergei-68.4-2009) had mixed infections for both, H5 and H3 subtype of AIV. Limited sequences of HA gene showed a high level of homology (98-99%) between chicken and bird isolates that came from the same location. Keywords: Avian influenza virus, Non-migratory bird, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Subtype

Kata Kunci : Avian influenza virus, Non migratory birds, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain, Subtipe