Pola Distribusi Larva Anisakid pada Tubuh Ikan yang Didaratkan di Tarakan.

ABDIAN, Ira Maya , Joko Prastowo

2010 | Tesis |

Anisakiasis adalah penyakit parasiter pada jenis ikan yang disebabkan oleh infeksi larva stadium III anisakid dan dapat menular pada manusia (zoonosis). Kajian infeksi larva anisakid pada ikan di Indonesia masih jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pola distribusi larva anisakid pada ikan berdaging merah (red flesh) dan ikan berdaging putih (white flesh), (2) Prevalensi dan intensitas infeksi rata-rata pada ikan berdaging merah (red flesh) dan ikan berdaging putih (white flesh) yang didaratkan di Tarakan, Propinsi Kalimantan Timur. Ikan laut yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini terdiri dari ikan tongkol (Euthynnus sp.), layang (Decapterus sp.), kembung (Rastrelliger sp.), kuwe (Caranx sp.), kakap merah (Lutjanus sp.), dan kerapu (Epinephelus sp.), masing-masing sebanyak 30 ekor diambil dari tempat pendaratan ikan Jembatan Bongkok dan Beringin. Distribusi infeksi larva anisakid pada ikan dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis pada kulit, rongga tubuh, saluran pencernaan, organ dalam, dan otot ikan. Seluruh hasil pengamatan disimpan dalam program Statistix Versi 7. Hasil pemeriksaan larva anisakid dianalisa secara statistik yaitu pendekatan nilai rata-rata, standar deviasi, dan variansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan berdaging merah (red flesh) mempunyai pola distribusi mengelompok, S2 > x (S2 = 27,62, x = 3,19) dan ikan berdaging putih (white flesh) mempunyai pola distribusi mengelompok (S2 = 3,08, x = 1,6). Prevalensi ikan yang terinfeksi larva anisakid secara keseluruhan (red flesh dan white flesh) sebesar 33,33%. Prevalensi ikan berdaging merah (red flesh) sebesar 53,33% dan ikan berdaging putih (white flesh) sebesar 13,33%. Jumlah intensitas infeksi ratarata larva anisakid secara keseluruhan (red flesh dan white flesh) adalah 6,30 ± 10,04. Jumlah intensitas infeksi rata-rata larva anisakid pada ikan berdaging merah (red flesh) adalah 5,98 ± 5,94 dan ikan berdaging putih (white flesh) adalah 7,58 ± 19,69. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan berdaging merah (red flesh) lebih banyak terinfeksi larva anisakid dibandingkan ikan berdaging putih (white flesh), sehingga konsumen ikan berdaging merah harus lebih meningkatkan kewaspadaan agar terhindar dari anisakiasis. Kata kunci : anisakiasis, larva anisakid, pola distribusi, Tarakan, Kalimantan Timur.

Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease in fish caused by infection of larvae stage III anisakid and can be transmitted to humans (zoonoses). Studies on anisakid larvae infection in Indonesian fish have been very rarely carried out. The aim of this research were to determine (1) the distribution pattern of anisakid larvae at red flesh and white flesh, (2) the prevalency and intensity average infection at red flesh and white flesh which are landed in Tarakan, East Kalimantan Province. Sample marine fish used for this research consist of Euthynnus sp., Decapterus sp., Rastrelliger sp., Caranx sp., Lutjanus sp., and Epinephelus sp., each of 30 fish samples taken from landing sites Jembatan Bongkok and Beringin. The examination of larvae anisakid were conducted on body surface, body cavity, gastrointestinal tract, internal organs, and muscle of fish. Data were stored in Statistix Versi 7 program. Examination results were analyzed statistically anisakid larvae which approaches the average value, standard deviation, and variance. The result of the research shows the distribution pattern of the larva anisakid in the red flesh were group, which indicated S2 > x (S2 = 27,62, x = 3,19) and the distribution pattern of the larva anisakid in the white flesh were group (S2 = 3,08, x = 1,6). The prevalence of infected fish larvae anisakid overall (red flesh and white flesh) of 33,33 %. The prevalence of red flesh were 53,33% and white flesh were 13,33%. Mean intensity of infection overall anisakid larvae (red flesh and white flesh) were 6,30 ± 10,04. Mean intensity of infection in fish larvae anisakid red flesh is 5,98 ± 5,94 and white flesh is 7,58 ± 19,69. This research shows distribution pattern of larvae anisakid tend clustered in an organ, and the prevalence of red flesh higher of infected larvae anisakid rather than white flesh, so the consumers of marine fish also should be aware of anisakiasis in red flesh fish. Key words : anisakiasis, anisakid larvae, distribution pattern, Tarakan, East Kalimantan.

Kata Kunci : anisakiasis, larva anisakid, pola distribusi, Tarakan, Kalimantan Timur.