Pertumbuhan, Sektor Unggulan, Dan Disparitas Antar Daerah Studi Kasus : Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Tugyakarta
WAHYUNINGTYAS, RIKSA (Pembimbing: Wahyu Widayat, Dr., M.Ec.), Wahyu Widayat, Dr., M.Ec.
Pertumbuhan ekonomi Propinsi DIY sejak pemberlakuan otonomi daerah, pada tahun 2004 hingga tahun 2009 mengalami fluktuasi. Rata-rata pertumbuhan ekonomi Propinsi DIY sebesar 4.5%, sedangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Propinsi DIY masih ada yang berada di bawah pertumbuhan ekonomi propinsi. Adanya disparitas pendapatan antar kabupaten/kota akan membawa dampak yang tidak baik pada proses pembangunan ekonomi daerah.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besarya disparitas pendapatan antar daerah dan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Propinsi DIY, mengklasifikasikan daerah dan sektor-sektor ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Propinsi DIY berdasarkan laju pertumbuhan dan pendapatan perkapitanya/kontribusi sektoral dan mengidentifikasi sektor-sektor unggulan masing-masing kabupaten/kota yang diharapkan dengan dimaksimalkannya pembangunan pada sektor tersebut dapat memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi dan memperkecil disparitas antar daerah, serta membuktikan apakah hipotesis Kuznets berlaku di Propinsi DIY. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) periode 2004-2009. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis Tipologi Klassen, Location Quotient (LQ), Shift-share, Model Rasio Pertumbuhan (MRP), Overlay, Indeks Williamson dan Theil, serta Korelasi Pearson.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Sleman termasuk dalam daerah yang maju dan tumbuh cepat, sedangkan Kabupaten Bantul, Gunungkidul, dan Kulonprogo termasuk dalam daerah yang relative tertinggal. Sektor-sektor unggulan yang berpotensi untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota adalah sektor pertanian; bangunan; pengangkutan dan komunikasi; perdagangan, hotel dan restoran; serta jasa-jasa. Disparitas pendapatan antardaerah di Propinsi DIY tergolong tinggi sebesar 0.7 dan mengalami kecenderungan menurun. Hipotesis Kuznets yang menggambarkan hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan ketimpangan tidak berlaku di Propinsi DIY.
ABSTRACT
Economic growth of DIY Province since regional autonomy in 2004 to 2009 has fluctuated. The average economic growth of DIY Province is 4.5% , while economic growth of districts/cities in the province of DIY are still under the province's economic growth. The existence of income disparities between districts/cities will have the bad impact in the process of regional economic development.
This study purpose to analyze how much income disparities between regions and economic growth rate of the district/city in the province of DIY, classifying the regions and economic sectors of district/city in the province of DIY which based on growth rate and per capita income/sectoral contribution in the GDP, and then identify the leading sectors of each districts/cities which are expected to maximizing the development in the sector can support the economic growth and reduce income disparities between regions, finally the study will evidence the Kuznets hypothesis is applies in the province of DIY or not. The study uses secondary data are obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in the period 2004-2009. To achieve these objectives, this research uses several analysis tools there are Klassen Typology, Location Quotient (LQ), Shift-share, Growth Ratio Model (MRP), Overlay, Williamson Index, and Pearson Correlation.
The results showed that the city of Yogyakarta and Sleman Regency is included in the forward area and growing fast, while the Bantul, Gunungkidul and Kulonprogo included in the relatively lagging regions. Leading sectors that have the potential to stimulate economic growth counties/cities are agriculture, mining and quarrying, trade, hotels and restaurants, finance, leasing, and business services, and services. The income disparities between regions in the province of DIY is too high about 0.7 but it has the downward trend. Kuznets hypothesis which describes the relationship between economic growth and inequality is not applied in the province of DIY.
Kata Kunci : economic growth, income disparities, leading sector, Kuznets, pertumbuhan ekonomi, disparitas pendapatan, sektor unggulan, Kuznets
