Efisiensi Relatif dan Distribusi Pendapatan Petani Jagung Berdasarkan Sistem Penguasaan Lahan Kering di Jawa Tengah
SUTRISCHASTINI, ARY (Adv.: Ace Partadiredja, Prof., Dr.), Ace Partadiredja, Prof., Dr.
Sistem penguasaan lahan oleh petani dibedakan atas petani pemilik dan bukan pemilik yang terdiri dari petani penyewa dan penyakap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi relatif dan distribusi pendapatan petani jagung berdasarkan sistem penguasaan lahan kering. Sampel diambil sebanyak 300 petani terdiri atas 100 petani pemilik, penyewa dan penyakap dengan menggunakan metode acak di Jawa Tengah. Data dianalisis dengan fungsi keuntungan, fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas, chow test dan koefisien Gini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antara petani pemilik dan bukan pemilik terdapat perbedaan baik efisiensi ekonomi, teknik dan harga relatif. Petani pemilik lebih efisien dibanding dengan bukan pemilik. Tanah yang disewa oleh petani penyewa ternyata kurang subur. Kondisi ini terlihat dari produktivitas lahannya paling rendah dibandingkan dengan petani yang lain. Distribusi pendapatan petani jagung terdapat ketimpangan yang tinggi dengan nilai koefisien gini sebesar 0,6938. Kelompok 40% penduduk yang berpendapatan rendah menerima kurang dari 12 persen dari total pendapatan sesuai
kriteria Bank Dunia.
The land ownerships system by a farmer can distinguist as two systems, the owner farm-land and not the owner farmland as well as the rent-cropp and the share-cropp. This study was conducted to reveal the relative efficiency and income distribution of the corn farmer refers to dry farmland ownerships system. Three hundred farmers were took as the sample which include of the owner farm-land, the rent-cropp, and the share-cropp farmers each a 100's in Central Java Province by the random sampling method. The data was analised with the profit function, the Cobb-Douglas production function, the Chow test and the Gini coefficient. The results showed that there are significant differences in the relative of economic, technic and price efficiency between the owner farm-land and not the owner. The owner farm-land was more efficient than the not one. The farm-land that rented by the farmer was not fertile respectively. This condition could see from the lowest of its land productivity among others. There was a bight imbalance of the income distribution with Gini coefficient equal .6938. The group of 40% farmer who have low income recived least than 12% of total income as the World-Bank criteria.
Kata Kunci : relative efficiancy, income distribution, farmland ownership, Efisiensi relatif, Distribusi pendapatan, Sistem Penguasaan Lahan.
