Kualitas Lingkungan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Sebuah Pengujian Hipotesis Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)
Shofwan (Adv. Dr. Samsubar Saleh, M. Soc. Sc), Dr. Samsubar Saleh, M. Soc. Sc
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This research aims to estimate and analyze the relationship between inverted V-shape environmental quality that used local air pollutan carbon dioxide emission and income per capita levels, defined environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hyphothesis. It also identified how income per capita, population density and added value of industrial share to GDP influence carbon dioxide emission levels. The research hypothesis are there are relationship among carbon dioxide emission, income per capita, population density and added value of industrial share to GDP levels for Asian high and low income countries.
The hypothesis is tested using panel data for the sample of sixteen Asian countries both high income and low income. This research used annual data from 1990 to 2000 with fixed effect method for all used-variables.
The research finding shows that the EKC hypothesis is true for Asian high income countries and for combination of Asian high and low income countries. They have coefficient 0.591 and 1.017 respectively. Otherwise, in separating data for Asian low income countries, the EKC is not reflect hyphotical prediction. The coefficient is negative 0.0904. Furthermore, the most influential and positive variable on the carbon dioxide emission levels is population density per square kilometer. The research is concluded that the inverted V-shape EKC hypothesis is true for Asian high-income and combination of high and low income countries and it was supported by population density per square kilometer.
Kata Kunci : Environmental Quality - Economic Growth - Environmental Kuznets Curve.
