Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah antara Perioda Sebelum dan Sesudah Fatwa MUI No. 1 Tahun 2004 tentang Bunga
RIJADH DJATU WINARDI (pembimbing: Taufikur Rahman, SE.,MBA), Taufikur Rahman, SE.,MBA
Penelitian ini merupakan event study yang berusaha meneliti dampak adanya Fatwa MUI No 1 Tahun 2004 tentang Bunga terhadap kinerja keuangan bank syariah. Ada dugaan bahwa adanya fatwa akan mempengaruhi pilihan nasabah untuk memakai jasa bank syariah. Pergantian pilihan nasabah menyebabkan peningkatan pemakaian jasa bank syariah yang mendorong peningkatan kinerja bank syariah. Kinerja keuangan bank syariah diukur dengan memakai ukuran kinerja berdasarkan Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 9/1/PBI/2007 yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kesehatan bank syariah berdasarkan aspek: modal, kualitas aset produktif, managemen, laba, likuiditas, dan sensitivitas terhadap resiko pasar (CAMELS). Penelitian ini juga memakai ukuran kinerja keuangan khusus bank syariah yang berusaha mengukur kinerja keuangan dari kinerja penghimpunan dan penyaluran dana secara spesifik. Berikutnya digunakan bank konvensional sebagai pembanding kinerja keuangan bank syariah.
Sebanyak 3 bank umum syariah dan 8 bank konvensional selama tahun 2002-2005 dipergunakan sebagai sumber data penelitian. Penelitian ini memakai 2-paired samples t-test untuk menguji perbedaan kinerja bank syariah antara perioda sebelum dan sesudah fatwa dan memakai independent t-test untuk menguji perbandingan kinerja antara bank syariah dan bank konvensional pada kedua perioda sebelum dan sesudah fatwa. Dari hasil pengujian beda dua sampel berpasangan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kinerja keuangan pada perioda sebelum dan sesudah fatwa. Melalui pengujian beda dua sampel independen pada kedua perioda diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa tidak ditemukan perbedaan kinerja antara bank syariah dan bank konvensional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa munculnya fatwa tidak membawa dampak perubahan pada kinerja keuangan bank syariah.
This research is an event study which tries to investigate the impact of interest prohibition by Indonesia Ulema Council againts financial performance of islamic bank. There is probability that the prohibition will change customer preference to use islamic bank service. The result of changing in customer preferences result in increasing the using of service and push the financial performance of islamic bank. Financial performance measured with financial performance based on the Regulation of Bank Indonesia No. 9/1/PBI/2007 comprising the assessment system of the soundness of Islamic bank in Indonesia, including: capital, quality of productive asset, management, earning, liquidity and also sensitivity to market risk (CAMELS). However this research only analyzes the financial aspect, without management criterion. Another measurement used in this research is spesific financial performance measurement which is assessing the performance of islamic banks from collecting and distributing their funds. In this research conventional bank used as comparator againts islamic bank.
Three general islamic banks and eight conventional banks between 2002 until 2005 used as sources of research data. This research uses 2-paired samples t-test for testing the differences of financial performance of islamic banks between periode before and after interest prohibition by Indonesia Ulema Council. This research also uses independent t-test for testing the differences islamic banks and conventional banks in both periode before and after interest prohibition by Indonesia Ulema Council. The result from 2 paired sampels t-test end with conclusion that there is no differences of financial performance of islamic banks between periode before and after interest prohibition by Indonesia Ulema Council. The result from independet t-test in both periode end with conclusion that there is no differences between islamic banks and conventional banks financial performance. The result of this research reveales that interest prohibition by Indonesia Ulema Council did not bring differentiation impact on financial performance of islamic banks.
Kata Kunci : Fatwa MUI, interest prohibition, comparison of financial performance, islamic bank, financial performance, spesific financial performance, pelarangan bunga, perbandingan kinerja keuangan, bank syariah, kinerja keuangan, kinerja keuangan khusus.
