Analisis Pengaruh Kapabilitas Manufakturing dan Strategi Integrasi Supply Chain Terhadap Kinerja pada Manufacturing Plants di Indonesia

Prapti, Meniek Srining, Dr. Ir. Adi Djoko Guritno, M.S.I.E

2006 | Tesis | S2 Management

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan praktek-praktek manufakturing berdasarkan pilihan proses serta pengaruh praktek manufakturing terhadap kapabilitas manufakturing. Untuk menguji pengaruh kapabilitas manufakturing dan integrasi strategi supply chain terhadap kinerja bisnis. Penelitian ini didasarkan data survei dari 86 perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Uji beda t-test menemukan bahwa plants berorientasi proses dan plants berorientasi produk memiliki perbedaan dalam hal praktek JIT, TPM, dan supplier relationship management, tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan dalam hal praktek TQM, workforce development, dan new product development. Dengan analisis regresi berganda diperoleh hasil tidak ada satupun praktek manufakturing yang berpengaruh terhadap kapabilitas cost. TQM dan supplier relationship management berpengaruh terhadap quality; sedangkan praktek TPM berpengaruh terhadap kapabilitas flexibility dan delivery. Uji hierarirchal regression menunjukkan bahwa intregrasi supply chain memoderasi pengaruh praktek TQM, workforce development, dan supplier relationship management terhadap kapabilitas cost dan flexibility. Temuan lain dari penelitian ini bahwa integrasi supply chain berpengaruh terhadap kapabilitas cost, quality dan flexibility tetapi tidak terhadap delivery. Integrasi strategi supply chain dan kapabilitas manufakturing (cost, quality, delivery) kecuali flexibility berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis. Dengan uji path analysis diperoleh pengaruh integrasi supply chain terhadap kinerja bisnis dimediasi oleh quality dan delivery. Hasil penelitian ini memberi kontribusi bahwa penting bagi perusahaan untuk menentukan kapabilitas manufakturing yang tepat dan diterjemahkan ke dalam pola keputusan manufakturing yang tepat. Perusahaan harus mempertimbangkan integrasi strategi supply chain ke dalam strategi bisnisnya. Keberhasilan integrasi supply chain dalam memperkuat pengaruh praktek manufakturing terhadap kapabilitas untuk peningkatan kinerja bisnis diperlukan pemahaman mengenai tujuan strategik organisasi manufakturing sehingga akan mempengaruhi aktivitas-aktivitas pada semua level. Kata kunci: praktek-praktek manufakturing, kapabilitas manufakturing, integrasi strategi supply chain, kinerja bisnis

This research aims to test the difference of manufacturing practices based on process choice and also influence the manufacturing practices on manufacturing capabilities. To test the influence of manufacturing capabilities and supply chain integration strategy on business performance. Different test of t-test found that plants with process oriented and plants with product oriented have differences in terms of JIT, TPM, and supplier relationship management practices, but don't there are difference in terms TQM, workforce development, and new product development practices. With the multiple regression analysis found out that none of the manufacturing practices influence the cost capability. TQM and supplier relationship management have influence to quality capability, while the TPM influence upon the flexibility and delivery capabilities. Hierarchical regression analysis indicates that supply chain integration moderates the influence of TQM, workforce development, and supplier relationship management. The other finding of this research is that an integration of supply chain haves an effect on cost, quality, and flexibility capabilities, but not in delivery capability. Supply chain integration strategy and manufacturing capabilities (cost, quality, and delivery) except flexibility have positive influence to business performance. With the test of path analysis found that the influence of supply chain integration upon the business performance is also mediated by the quality and delivery capabilities. Result of this research give contribution, which is importance for the companies to determine the exact manufacturing capabilities and translated into exact manufacturing decision patterns. Plants have to consider the supply chain integration strategy into its business strategy. The achievement of supply chain integration strategy in strengthening the influence of manufacturing practices towards manufacturing capabilities to improve business performance, is needed to a comprehensive understanding of objectives of organizational manufacturing strategies, hence will influence the activities in all levels. Keywords: manufacturing practices, manufacturing capabilities, supply chain integration strategy, business performance.

Kata Kunci : praktek-praktek manufakturing, kapabilitas manufakturing, integrasi strategi supply chain, kinerja bisnis