Perbandingan Efisiensi Badan Usaha Milik Negara dan Swasta (Studi Kasus pada Industri - Industri Perbankan di Indonesia)

Mediaty (Adv:Drs. Slamet Sugiri, MBA ), Drs. Slamet Sugiri, MBA

1993 | Tesis | S2 Accounting

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk membuktikan secara empiris tentang efisiensi relatif dari perusahaan swasta dan BUMN pada industri perbankan di Indonesia. Tingkat efisiensi perusahaan ditentukan berdasarkan ukuran ef isiensi akuntansi dan efisiensi ekonomi. Ukuran efisiensi akuntansi meliputi assets utilization, cost of money, cost of ratio-1, cost of ratio-2, cost of funds, dan leverage multiplier. Ukuran efisiensi ekonomik atau produktivitas ditentukan berdasarkan produktivitas total dan produktivitas parsial; produktivitas tenaga kerja, produktivitas giro, produktivitas tabungan, produktivitas deposito, dan produktivitas kapital.Obyek penelitian ini meliputi bank BUMN dan bank BUMS yang telah go publik, dengan jumlah sampel 19 perusahaan. Indeks efisiensi perusahaan ditentukan untuk 5 periode akuntansi (1988-1992). Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Analisis Variansi (ANAVA) yaitu uji-F dan uji-t. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari laporan keuangan masing-masing bank yang diperoleh dari Ditjen Pembinaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara Departemen Keuangan Republik Indonesia dan Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal (BAPEPAM).

Hasil pengujian analisis variansi berdasarkan pengukuran ef isiensi akuntansi menunjukkan bahwa dari 6 variabel indeks efisiensi akuntansi terdapat 2 variabel, yaitu indeks assets utilization dan leverage multiplier, yang berbeda secara signifikan antara tingkat efisiensi bank BUMN dan bank BUMS. Indeks assets utilization menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efisiensi bank BUMS lebih tinggi daripada bank BUMN, sedangkan indeks leverage multiplier menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efisiensi bank BUMN lebih tinggi daripada bank BUMS.Hasil pengujian analisis variansi berdasarkan pengukuran efisiensi ekonomik menunjukkan bahwa dari 7 variabel indeks efisiensi ekonomik, terdapat 3 variabel yang diukur berdasarkan produktivitas parsial dan total, yaitu indeks produktivitas tenaga kerja berdasarkan rupiah tenaga kerja, indeks produktivitas giro, dan indeks produktivitas total masukan, yang berbeda secara signifikan antara tingkat efisiensi bank BUMN dan bank BUMS. Ketiga indeks produktivitas ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efisiensi bank BUMN lebih tinggi daripada bank BUMS.

This research intends to empirically prove the relative efficiency of private enterprise and state-owned corporation at banking in Indonesia. The efficiency level of enterprise is determined according to the measures of accounting and economic efficiency. The accounting efficiency measure includes assets utilization, cost of money, cost of ratio-1, cost of ratio-2, cost of funds, and leverage multiplier. The measure of economic efficiency or productivity is determined according to total and partial productivities, productivities of labour, clearing account, saving, deposit, and capital productivity.The objects of this research are state-owned corporation and private banks which have been "go-public" by sample of 19 enterprises. The efficiency index of enterprise is determined for 5 accounting periods (1988-1992). The hypothesis testing of this research uses Variance Analysis model (ANAVA), namely F-test and t-test models. The data used here are based on the financial report of each bank which are taken from The Supervisory Directorate General of State-Owned Companies, Department of Finance, Republic of Indonesia and The Capital Market Supervisory Agency.The result of variance analysis according to the measure of accounting efficiency show that from 6 variables of accounting efficiency indices there are 2 variables, namely assets utilization and leverage multiplier indices, different significantly between the efficiency level of state-owned corporation and private enterprise. Assets utilization indices indicates that the efficiency level of private enterprise is greater than of state-owned corporation, while leverage multiplier indices indicates that the efficiency level of state­ owned corporation greater than of private enterprise.

The result of variance analysis according to the measure of economic show that from 7 variables of economic efficiency indices, there are 3 variables which meastfed based on partial and total productivities, namely productivities of labor, clearing account and total input productivity, different significantly between the efficiency level of state-owned corporation and private enterprise. All of the three productivity indices indicates that the efficiency level of state-owned corporation is greater than of private enterprise.

Kata Kunci : Efisiensi BUMN,BUMN,efisiensi akuntansi,perbankan