Pengaruh Penanaman Modal Asing Langsung(FDI): Perdagangan Internasional dan Pendapatan Nasional Indonesia
LILI YAN ING (Adv.: Nopirin, Prof.Dr., M.A.), Nopirin, Prof.Dr., M.A.
What is the nature of the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade in Indonesia? That is the question which this analysis seeks to answer. However, before pursuing such answers, it is also important 10 understand why the question is important. One point often focused by economists relates to the implications of the relationship for overall economic welfare, measured by some type of static social welfare function. It has been theoritically demonstrated that under certain assumptions, trade-oriented EDI can lead to a higher level of welfare in a host economy than anti-trade-oriented FDI (Kojima, 1978). It has laso been shown that foreign capital flows in general, which lead to welfare increases if no policy distortion existed, can lead to suboptimal welfare levels when the host economy protects the recipient sector. At a less abstract level, the relationship has important implications for policy makers and businessmen in both investing and recipient economies. Both investing and host economies devote consirable efforts to devise policies aimed at promoting EDI which is consistent with national goals. In investing economies a primary, concern is to promote MX which enhances the competitive position of investing economy firms. Outward FDI also plays an important role in structural adjusment and the rationalization of industries, a process closely related to the evolution of comparative advantage positions. Host developing economies are often primarily interested in stimulating inflows which can aid their efforts to develop their economies; in this respect, policy goals often include facilitation of technology transfer, geration of employment opportunities, and the growth of export industries. In both of these cases, multinational firms are very involved in trade activities, and trade is one of the major areas where their impacts are observed.
Kata Kunci : foreign direct investment (FDI), static social welfare function, economic welfare, policy makers, investment
