Pengaruh Diklat Kepemimpinan Terhadap Perilaku Etis: Studi Kasus Diklat Tingkat IV, Balai Diklat Kepemimpinan, Kementrian Keuangan
JAMBEK, ISYAWAL (Adv.: Mahfud Sholihin, M. Acc., Ph. D.), Mahfud Sholihin, M. Acc., Ph. D.
Berbagai skandal etika yang terjadi di sektor publik dan privat telah membuka kesadaran banyak pihak akan pentingnya etika. Haq (2011) dalam tulisannya yang berjudul Ethics and Leadership Skills in The Public Service menyampaikan proposisi yang menyatakan bahwa perilaku etis dapat didorong dengan meningkatkan leadership skills. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji secara empiris proposisi yang disampaikan oleh Haq (2011). Dimensi-dimensi dari leadership skills yang terdiri dari technical skills, conceptual skills, interpersonal skills, social intelligence, dan emotional intelligence adalah variabel bebas (independent variable) yang akan diuji pengaruhnya terhadap berbagai perilaku etis (akuntabilitas, penyelesaian dilema etis, kasih sayang dan integritas) yang merupakan variabel terikat (dependent variable) dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan studi lapangan (field study) yang dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif. Kuesioner yang digunakan sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data kuantitatif disampaikan kepada sebagian responden secara manual dan sebagaian lainnya menerima dan mengisi kuesioner melui media internet. Dalam penelitian ini, sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan purposive sampling methode yaitu sampel yang dipih dengan kriteria tertentu. Kriteria yang dimaksud adalah pegawai Kementerian Keuangan yang telah menduduki jabatan Eselon IV dan telah mengikuti Diklatpim Tk. IV. Sebelum dilakukan uji hipotesis, terlebih dahulu dilakukan analisis pendahuluan (preliminary analysis) dengan uji beda. Preliminary analysis menunjukkan perbedaan nilai technical skills dan conceptual skills yang signifikan antara kelompok peserta Diklatpim tahun 2012 dan sebelum tahun 2012. Adapun nilai dimensi interpersonal skills, social intelligence dan emotional intelligence kedua kelompok responden dianggap sama atau tidak berbeda secara signifikan sehingga analisis regresi dilakukan satu kali untuk kedua kelompok tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis regresi, diketahui bahwa technical skills berpengaruh positif terhadap akuntabilitas, conceptual skills berpengaruh positif terhadap penyelesaian dilema etis, interpersonal skills dan social intelligence berpengaruh positif terhadap kasih sayang dan emotional intelligence berpengaruh positif terhadap integritas. Penelitian ini membuktikan secara empiris hubungan yang positif antara dimensi-dimensi leadership skills terhadap perilaku etis sebagaimana yang disampaikan oleh Haq (2011).
Ethics scandals that occurred in the public and private sectors have opened up a lot of awareness of the importance of the ethics. Haq (2011) in her article titled Ethics and Leadership Skills in the Public Service expressed the proposition that states that ethical behavior can be encouraged by improving leadership skills. This research was conducted to test empirically the proposition presented by Haq (2011). The dimensions of leadership skills consists of technical skills, conceptual skills, interpersonal skills, social intelligence and emotional intelligence as the independent variables to test its effect on various ethical behavior (accountability, ethical dilemma resolution, compassion and integrity ) which is the dependent variable in this study. This research is a field study conducted by quantitative methods. Questionnaires were used as a quantitative data collection instrument and it were delivered to the majority of respondents manually and others received and filled out questionnaires through internet media. In this study, samples were obtained using a purposive sampling method with certain criteria. The criterias in question are employees of the Ministry of Finance who has held Echelon IV and have followed Diklatpim Tk. IV. Before testing the hypothesis, a preliminary analysis was conducted with a ttest method. Preliminary analysis showed differences in the dimension of technical skills and conceptual skills significantly between the DiklatpimÂ’s participants in 2012 and before 2012. The values of dimension of interpersonal skills, emotional intelligence and social intelligence for the both groups of respondents considered equal or not significantly different so that regression analysis is done once for the two groups. Based on regression analysis, this study has empirically proven positive relationship between the dimensions of leadership skills to ethical behavior as presented by Haq (2011). Technical skills have a positive effect on accountability, conceptual skills have a positive influence ethical dilemma resolution, interpersonal skills have a positive influence on the social intelligence of affection, emotional intelligence have a positive effect on integrity.
Kata Kunci : Leadership skills, ethical behavior, technical skills, conceptual skills, interpersonal skills, social intelligence, emotional intelligence, regression analysis.
