Pengaruh Ketidakpastian Lingkungan terhadap Fleksibilitas Eksternal pada Perusahaan Garmen Skala Mikro Kecil dan Menengah
GANIKA, GERRY (Adv.: Hargo Utomo, Dr., M.B.A., M.Com.), Hargo Utomo, Dr., M.B.A., M.Com.
Dalam literatur manajemen operasi, fleksibilitas dipahami sebagai respon terhadap ketidakpastian lingkungan. Namun, untuk menjadi fleksibel sangatlah mahal. Oleh karenanya, penelitian mengenai kesesuaian antara tipe fleksibilitas dengan ketidakpastian lingkungan yang dihadapi perusahaan menjadi sangat penting. Disisi lain, penelitian-penelitian empiris mengenai hubungan antara fleksibilitas dan ketidakpastian lingkungan masih belum konklusif, karena masih terjadi divergensi antar hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu. Artikel ini merujuk pada divergensi hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu yang berfokus pada pengaruh antara ketidakpastian lingkungan dengan berbagai tipe fleksibilitas eksternal. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dari 107 perusahaan garmen skala mikro, kecil dan menengah di Kota Bandung. Analisis data menggunakan Struktural Equation Modeling (SEM) berbasis varian atau Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketidakpastian lingkungan dihadapi dengan beberapa tipe fleksibilitas eksternal, antara lain: fleksibilitas produk baru, bauran produk, pengiriman dan fleksibilitas pasokan. Selain itu, perilaku proaktif perusahaan memoderasi secara negatif pengaruh antara ketidakpastian permintaan dengan fleksibilitas produk baru, artinya perilaku proaktif perusahaan dapat menurunkan fleksibilitas produk baru jika berinteraksi dengan ketidakpastian permintaan.
In operation management literature, flexibility conceived as a response in facing environmental uncertainty. However, to become flexible is very costly. Therefore, research on the fit between the types of flexibility with environmental uncertainty faced by companies is very critical. On the other hand, empirical study on the relationship between flexibility and environmental uncertainty are still inconclusive, because there are still divergences between the results of previous studies. This research article refers to the divergence of the results of previous studies by focusing on the influence of environmental uncertainty with various types of external flexibility. The primary data used from 107 micro, small and medium-scale garment enterprises at city of Bandung. Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based variant or Partial Least Square (PLS). The analysis revealed that the specific environmental uncertainty faced by some type of external flexibility, such as: new product flexibility, product mix, delivery and supply flexibility. In addition, the company's proactiveness is negatively moderating the influence between demand uncertainties with new product flexibility; it means companyÂ’s proactiveness can reduce the new product flexibility if it interacts with demand uncertainty.
Kata Kunci : Environmental Uncertainty, External Flexibility, CompanyÂ’s Proactiveness, Partial Least Square (PLS), Ketidakpastian Lingkungan, Fleksibilitas Eksternal, Perilaku Proaktif perusahaan, Partial Least Square (PLS)
