Analisis Hubungan Politik dan Dukungan Organisasional Dengan Sikap Kerja, Kinerja, dan Perilaku Citizenship Organisasional
Fenika Wulani (Pembimbing): Dr. Hani Handoko, MBA., Dr. Hani Handoko, MBA
Intisari
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji hubungan politik dan dukungan organisasional dengan kepuasan kerja, turnover intent, komitmen organisasional (komitmen afektif, continuance, dan normatif), kinerja, dan perilaku citizenship organisasional (Organizational Citizenship Behavior/OCB); dan menguji apakah politik dapat menjelaskan varians inkremental dalam variabel dependen melebihi yang dijelaskan dukungan, atau sebaliknya, dukungan dapat menjelaskan varians inkremental melebihi yang dijelaskan politik. Sampel penelitian adalah staf akuntan yang bekerja di 15 Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) di Surabaya. Dari 101 kuesioner yang dibagikan pada staf dan juga 101 kuesioner pada supervisor (n=26)mereka untuk menilai kinerja dan OCB staf, terdapat 93 kuesioner staf yang kembali (response rate 92%), dan 91 kuesioner kinerja dan OCB dan supervisor staf (response rate 90%). Setelah kuesioner staf dicocokkan dengan kuesioner dan supervisor mereka, terdapat 89 data yang dapat diikutkan dalam studi ini. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan 12 item politik organisaisonal, 16 item dukungan organisasional, 3 item kepuasan kerja, 3 item turnover intent, masing-masing 8 item untuk tiga dimensi komitmen organisasional, 7 item kinerja, dan 14 item OCB; semua ukuran yang digunakan dalam studi ini bersifat persepsional. Jenis kelamin, usia, lama kerja, dan ::faits pernikahan, diikutkan sebagai variabel kontrol. Analisis korelasi untuk menguji hubungan antara variabel independen dan dependen, dan analisis regresi hirarkikai.untuk tnenguji apakah politik dapat menjelaskan varians inkremental dalam variabel dependen melebihi dukungan, atau Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa politik organisasional berhubungan negatif dengan kepuasan kerja, komitmen afektif, komitmen normatf, kinerja; berhubungan positif dengan turnover intent; dan tidak berhubungan dengan komitmen continuance dan OCB. Dukungan organislsional berhubungan positif dengan kepuasan kerja, komitmen afektif, komitnien continuance, dan komitmen normatif; berhubungan negatif dengan turnover intent; dan tidak berhubungan dengan kinerja dan OCB. Analisis regresi hirarkikal menunjukkan bahwa saat politik dimasukkan pertama, dukungan dapat menjelaskan varians inkremental dalam turnover intent, komitmen afektif dan normatif, melebihi politik. Saat dukungan dimasukkan pertama, politik dapat menjelaskan varians inkremental dalam kepuasan kerja, turnover intent, komitmen afektif dan normatif, melebihi yang
dijelaskan dukungan. Karena politik dan dukungan dapat menjelaskan varians inkremental melebihi satu sama lain, maka keduanya dapat dinyatakan sebagai konstruk yang berbeda.
Kata kunci: politik dan dukungan organisasional, kepuasan kerja, turnover intent, komitmen afektif, continuance, dan normatif; kinerja, dan OCB.
Abstract
The purposes of this research to examine the relationship of organizational politics and organizational support to job satisfaction, turnover intent, organizational commitment (affective, continuance, and normative commitment), job performance, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior/OCB; and to investigate whether politics could explaine incremental variance in dependent variable beyond be explained by support, or • vice versa, support could explaine incremental variance in dependent variable beyond be explained by politics. The sample was accountant staffs those working at 15 Public Accountant Offices in Surabaya. Of the 101 questionaires were distributed to staffs and also 101 (different) questionaires for their supervisor (n=26) in order to examine job performance and OCB of the staff, 93 staff's questionaires were returned (response rate of 92%), and 91 questionaires from supervisors (response rate of 90%). After the staff's qustionaires were matched with questionaires from their supervisor, there were 89 data that can employed on this study. The data were collected use 12- item organizational politics, 16-item organizational support, 3-item job satisfaction, 3-item turnover intent, 8-item for each three dimension organizationalcommitment, 7-item job performance, and 14-item OCB. The overall instrumentsthose used in this study were perceptive instruments. Gender, age, tenure, andmerried status were employed as control variables. Correlations analysis were usedto examine the relationship between indenpendent and dependent variables, andhierarchical regression analysis were used to examine whether politics couldexplaine incremental variance in dependent variable, beyond be explained by
support, or vice versaCorrelation analysis showed that organizational politics were negatively
related to job satisfaction, affective commitment, normative commitment, jobperformance; positively related to turnover inteni; and uncorrelated to continuancecommitment and OCB. Organizational :,-upp-o;-; 1:•as po::::vely related to pt,satisfaction, affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normativecommitment; negatively related to turnover intent; and uncorrelated to jobperformace and OCB. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that when politics was entered first, support could explaine a significant incremental variance in
turnover intent, affective and normative commitment, beyond politics. When support was entered first, politics could explaine a significant incremental variance in job satisfaction, turnover intent, affective and normative commitment, beyond be explained by support. Because of politics and surperi could explained a significant incremental variance beyond one by another, so that they would be suggested as distinct constructs.
Key words: organizational politics and support, job satisfaction, turnover intent, organizational commitment (affective, continuance, and normative commitment), job performance, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior/OCB.
Kata Kunci : Sikap dan Perilaku, Politik organisasional.
