ANALISIS PENGARUH STRATEGI COPING STRES KERJA PADA STRAIN FISIK DAN PSIKIS
Djamilah, Siti (Adv.Dr. Hani Handoko, MBA), Dr. Hani Handoko, MBA
Penilitian ini menguji pengaruh strategi coping stres kerja pada strain fisik dan psikis. Secara khusus, studi ini menganalisis keefektifan strategi coping stres kerja yang meliputi: coping fokus masalah, coping fokus emosi, dukungan sosial dari supervisor dan rekan kerja serta ketaatan beragama dalam memelihara kesehatan fisik dan psikis.
Penelitian ini diujikan pada perawat di salah satu rumah sakit umum di Yogyakarta, karena atribut profesi perawat sangat sesuai untuk penelitian stres kerja. Dari 110 kuisioner yang dibagikan, 104 kuisioner yang kembali dan hanya 100 yang bisa digunakan. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas yang menghasilkan variabel independen: dimensi coping aktif dan perencanaan sebagai perwakilan coping fokus masalah; penerimaan dan penolakan sebagai perwakilan coping fokus emosi; ketaatan beragama bersubyek teman dekat; dan dukungan supervisor maupun rekan kerja, serta variabel dependen: strain fisik dan psikis. Regresi berganda digunakan untuk menguji pengaruh keempat variabel coping pada strain fisik dan psikis. Selain itu digunakan juga regresi hirarkhis untuk mengetahui kemampuan coping fokus masalah menjelaskan proporsi yang lebih besar atas varians fisik dan psikis melebihi kemampuan tiga coping yang lainnya.
Hasil regresi berganda menunjukkan pengaruh keempat coping pada strain fisik tidak didukung. Selain itu hasil regresi berganda membuktikan bahwa, dukungan sosial berpengaruh pada penurunan strain psikis. Hasil yang sama juga diperoleh ketaatan beragama yang berpengaruh pada strain psikis meskipun dengan arah yang berbeda, yaitu justru meningkatkan strain psikis. Hasil regresi hirarkhis membuktikan bahwa coping fokus masalah mampu menjelaskan proporsi yang lebih besar atas varians psikis melebihi kemampuan tiga coping yang lainnya
This research examined the influence of occupational stress coping strategies to physiological and psychological strains. Specifically, this study analyzed the effectiveness of coping strategy which comprised: problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, supervisor's support and co-worker's support (social support) and religiosity in maintaining physiological and psychological health.
This research tested to nurses in one of general hospitals in Yogyakarta, because of the attribute of nurse profesion very suitable for the research of occupational sress. One hundred and ten questionnaires were distributed, 104 questionnaires returned and only 100 questionnaires were able to be used Next step, the researcher examined validity and reliability testing which delivered independent variable: those were active coping and planning dimension as representation of problem-focused coping; acceptance and denial as the representation of emotion focused coping; social support (supervisor and co-worker); religiosity that had close friend subject. Beside that, it delivered dependent variable that were physiological and psychological strains.
Multiple regressions was used to examined the effect of four coping strategies toward physiological and psychological strains. Moreover it also used Hierarchical regressions to prove the ability of problem-focused coping to explained the bigger proporsion of physiological and psychological strains variance beyond the ability of three others.
The result of multiple regressions indicated that the effect of four coping strategies toward physiological strains were not supported. In the other hand, The result of multiple regression proved that social support had influence to the decreasing of psychological strain. Beside that religiosity also gave influence to psychological strain, but into different direction that was increasing psychological strain. The result of hierarchical regressions showed that problem-focused coping explained the bigger proporsion of psychological strain variance beyond the ability of three others
Kata Kunci : stres kerja, coping fokus masalah, coping fokus emosi, dukungan sosial (supervisor dan rekan kerja), ketaatan beragama, strain fisik dan psikis
