ANALISIS EKONOMI : DAMPAK GAS BUANG KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TERHADAP KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT STUDI KASUSKABUPATEN SLEMAN
Bhimo Rizky Samudro (adv. Prof. Dr. Dibyo Prabowo), Prof. Dr. Dibyo Prabowo
Pencemaran lingkungan merupakan bentuk dari proses penurunan kualitas lingkungan hidup yang dapat direfleksikan dengan menurunnya tingkat kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian dengan judul "Analisis Ekonomi: Dampak Gas Buang Kendaraan Bermotor Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat" Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Sleman merupakan penelitian tentang pengaruh pencemaran udara yang berasal dari gas buang kendaraan bermotor yang mengandung CO (karbonmonoksida) dan zat beracun lain terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Penurunan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat akan menimbulkan biaya ekonomi bagi setiap individu untuk mengantisipasinya.
Kabupaten Slernan merupakan ternpat berdomisili mahasiswa dan pelajar dalam kuantitas yang tinggi. Para mahasiswa dan pelajar merupakan pengguna kendaraan bermotor yang dominan, meliputi motor atau mobil pribadi, serta pengguna sarana bus kota. Kuantitas arus kendaraan bermotor yang tinggi akan mengakibatkan konsentrasi polutan udara di daerah tersebut akan meningkat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pencernaran udara terhadap kesehatan masyarakat di kabupaten Slernan dan nilai biaya sosial sebagai Willingness to Pay (WTP) masyarakat dalam menjaga kesehatan.
Dalam usaha mencapai tujuan penelitian dan menguji hipotesis, digunakan metode Willingness To Pay (WTP) dan metode Dose Response. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa modifikasi dari kedua metode tersebut sebagai proses penyesuaian terhadap objek penelitian.
Pollution is an environment's quality decline that can be reflected by the declining quality of public health. The research of "Economic Analysis: The Effect of Motor's Exhaust Gas on Public Health" is a Case Study in Sleman. The research discovers the effects of air pollution, which came from motor's exhaust gas containing CO (Carbonmonoxyde) and any other poisonous materials, on the declining quality of public health. The declining quality of public health would of course raise several economic cost for anyone in anticipating the declination.
The Residence of Sleman is a high-populated region in Y ogyakarta. Most of the populations are students. In Y ogyakarta, students are the dominants users of motorcycle and cars, and not to mention are the using of buses. The high quantity of the using of those vehicles would raise the concentration of air pollution at the mentioned region.
The research was aimed to discover the effect of air pollution on the quality of public health in Sleman and its value of social cost as public's Willingness to Pay (WTP) in order of maintaining their health quality.
Either in achieving the aim of the research or to test the research's hypothesis, the writer has used the method of Willingness to Pay (WTP) and the method of Dose Response. The reserch has used certain modifications of those two methods as a process of adjustment for the objects of the research.
The result shows that both of the methods are applicable in social cost valuation of the effect for air pollution. Specifically, the research shows a positive correlation between the ambience air pollutant's rate (CO and NOz) and the increasing number's of public's health cases and the economic value/social cost as an effect of declining health quality in Sleman. According to research, the rate of health cases in Sleman is 11,368 cases per year, while the estimation on social cost for the declining quality of public health is Rp. 13,121,567,000 per year (Dose Response) and Rp. 12,114, 148,530 per year (WTP).
Kata Kunci : Analisis ekonomi, gas buang kendaraan bermotor, kesehatan masyarakat, Dose Response, Willingness To Pay (WTP), kompensasi pajak polusi
