TANGGAPAN MORFOFISIOLOGI SEMBILAN VARIETAS KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) YANG DIADAPTASIKAN DI DATARAN MEDIUM

NINDY SEVIRASARI, Dr. Ir. Endang Sulistyaningsih, M.Sc.;Ir. Sri Muhartini, M.S.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 AGRONOMI

Kentang merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan terpenting setelah padi, jagung dan gandum yang produktivitasnya mengalami penurunan akibat degradasi lahan di dataran tinggi. Pengembangan teknologi budidaya kentang di dataran medium hasilnya belum optimal dikarenakan penggunaan varietas yang tidak adaptif di dataran medium. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakter morfofisiologi sembilan varietas kentang yang ditanam di dataran medium dan menentukan varietas kentang yang stabil dan adaptif berdasarkan hasil kentang untuk dibudidayakan di dataran medium. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun rakyat Bandongan Wetan, Ngablak, Magelang, Jawa Tengah dan kebun kantor BPTP Tegalepek, Ungaran, Jawa Tengah pada bulan Juli-November 2016. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan oversite antar lokasi dengan faktor pertama berupa lokasi ketinggian tempat yaitu dataran tinggi (1300 m dpl) dan dataran medium (380 m dpl), dan faktor kedua berupa sembilan varietas kentang yaitu Agria, Margahayu, Amabile, Andina, Cingkariang, Granola L, Granola K, Olimpus Agrihorti 8 dan Tejo MZ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa morfofisiologi tanaman kentang di dataran medium mengalami perubahan yaitu meningkatnya klorofil, prolin, kerapatan stomata permukaan daun bagian atas dan bawah yang terjadi pada semua varietas, sedangkan peningkatan tinggi tanaman, panjang cabang, jumlah daun terjadi pada hampir semua varietas kecuali Granola K dan Tedjo MZ. Penurunan morfofisiologi yaitu ukuran bukaan stomata permukaan daun bagian atas dan bawah, diameter tajuk, panjang daun ke-8 pada hampir semua varietas dan diameter batang pada semua varietas. Berdasarkan analisis stabilitas Finlay and Wilkinson pada varietas kentang di dataran medium, diperoleh hasil bahwa varietas kentang yang stabil dan adaptif untuk dibudidayakan di dataran medium adalah Margahayu dan Andina.

Potato is one of world most important food crops after rice, corn and wheat. Productivity of potato has decreased due to farming land degradation especially in highlands. Technology of potato cultivation in medium land has not reached the optimum yield due to the use of non-adaptive variety for medium land. This research aims to get the morphophysiological characters of nine potato varieties that planted in medium land and to determine the adaptive and stable potato variety to be cultivated in medium land. This experiment was conducted on July-November 2016 at famers’ farm in Bandongan Wetan, Ngablak, Magelang, Central Java and experimental farm of BPTP Tegalepek, Ungaran, Central Java. The experiment was arranged as Oversite Design. Altitude, as the first factor, was consisted from highland (1300 m asl) and medium land (380 m asl). The second factor was the potato variety. There were nine potato varieties which are Agria, Margahayu, Amabile, Andina, Cingkariang, Granola L., Granola K., Olimpus Agrohorti 8, and Tejo MZ. The result showed that potato plant morphophysiology in medium land had higher level of chlorophyll, proline, stomatal density at the top and bottom surface of the leaf which occurs in all varieties, while higher level of plant height, branch length, leaves number occurs in almost all varieties except Granola K and Tedjo MZ. Decreased morphophysiology of stomatal conductance of top and bottom surface of the leaf, diameter of canopy, eighth leaf length occurs in almost all varieties, and decreased of stem diameter occurs in all varieties. Based on Stability Analysis of Finlay and Wilkinson on potato varieties in medium land, obtained result that the adaptive and stable varieties to be cultivated in medium land are Margahayu and Andina.

Kata Kunci : dataran medium, kentang, morfofisiologi, varietas/medium land, morphophysiology, potato, variety