Upaya Pemerintah Menggerakkan Modal Sosial UMKM Kerajinan Kulit di Kampung Keparakan Kidul, Kota Yogyakarta

ROMI HISYAM MUHAMMAD, Drs. Hadriyanus Suharyanto M.Si

2017 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA (MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK)

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya perbedaan mencolok antara perkembangan kerajinan di Keparakan Kidul dan Manding. Namun, saat ini perkembangan kerajinan kulit di Keparakan Kidul lebih berkembang jika dibandingkan kerajinan kulit di Manding. Padahal dari sisi pengalaman, usia kerajinan, dan terkenalnya lebih unggul Manding, tetapi pada sisi perkembangan produksi dan pengrajin lebih berkembang Keparakan Kidul. Hal inilah kemudian yang menjadi fenomena menarik kasus best practices tentang upaya pemerintah dalam menggerakkan modal sosial para pengrajin kulit di Keparakan Kidul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Mengetahui upaya pemerintah dalam menggerakkan modal sosial masyarakat Keparakan Kidul. 2) Mengetahui faktorfaktor penggerak modal sosial. Sedangkan metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penjelasan sedikit logika teoritik penelitian ini: Social trust harus dibangun melalui sebuah komitmen dalam bentuk keterlibatan pemerintah dan masyarakat untuk membangun kepercayaan tersebut. Social trust juga harus diperkuat dengan adanya kerjasama dalam sebuah kemitraan untuk mengikat pemerintah dan KOKKMAS dalam satu kesepakatan. Pemimpin KOKKMAS harus dapat mempengaruhi organisasi agar dapat terus menjaga produktivitasnya, karena tanpa adanya pengaruh, KOKKMAS tidak akan berjalan, dan social trust pemerintah kepada KOKKMAS sulit dijaga, karena KOKKMAS tidak dapat menjaga produktivitasnya. Sedangkan, pengarahan dalam koordinasi harus berlangsung secara jelas dan terarah agar tidak terjadi miss komunikasi yang dapat mengakibatkan kepercayaan pemerintah kepada KOKKMAS berkurang. Temuan penelitian berupa upaya pemerintah yang telah cukup berhasil dalam menggerakkan modal sosial para pengrajin di Keparakan Kidul, tetapi mengalami masalah dalam perjalannya karena adanya peraturan undang-undang yang mengakibatkan terjadinya tumpang tindih kewenangan antar dinas, ditambah dengan terbatasnya anggaran untuk keberlanjutan pemberdayaan, sehingga menghambat modal sosial masyarakat. Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah perlu adanya judicial review kepada UU No 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah pada pasal 298 ayat 4 dan 5. Karena dengan adanya aturan pada pasal tersebut, kewenangan dinas menjadi terbatas oleh peraturan pusat, dinas di daerah menjadi takut ketika memberikan bantuan kepada UMKM yang tidak berbadan hukum. Intensitas pemberian bantuan kepada UMKM menjadi terbatas, dan ini menjadi masalah yang melemahkan modal sosial, karena pemerintah terlalu mengambil peran, daripada mendorong UMKM. Rekomendasi lainnya, pemerintah perlu secara intensif mencarikan mitra-mitra baru bagi UMKM di Keparakan Kidul apabila anggaran untuk UMKM masih terbatas. Pencarian mitra-mitra baru bukan hanya kepada kelompok UMKM yang sudah berbadan hukum, tetapi juga yang tidak berbadan hukum.

The background of this study is the striking difference between development of craft in Keparakan Kidul and Manding. But, at the moment the development of leather craft in Keparakan Kidul more developed if compared to leather crafts in Manding. Yet in terms of experience, age craft, and fame is superior to Manding, but on the developmental side production and craftsmen more developed Keparakan Kidul. This is then which became an interesting phenomenon of best practices regarding government efforts in mobilizing the social capital of leather craftsmen in Keparakan Kidul. The purpose of this study is 1) Knowing the government's efforts in mobilizing the social capital of the people of Keparakan Kidul. 2) Knowing the factors a driver of social capital. While this research method is qualitative descriptive. A little explanation of the theoretical logic of this research: Social trust must be built through a commitment in the form of government and community involvement to build that trust. Leaders of KOKKMAS should be able affect the organization in order to continue to maintain its productivity, because without the influence, KOKKMAS will not run, and the government's social trust to KOKKMAS is difficult to maintain, because KOKKMAS can not keep up productivity. Meanwhile, coordination direction should take place clearly and directed to avoid miss communication that can resulting in government trust to KOKKMAS reduced. The research findings are government efforts that have been quite successful in mobilizing the social capital of the craftsmen in Keparakan Kidul, however experiencing problems in its journey because of the law which resulted in overlapping authority among agencies, plus with limited budget for sustainability of empowerment, so inhibit social capital of society. The recommendation of this research is the need for judicial review to the Act No 23 of 2014 on Regional Government in article 298 paragraph 4 and 5. Because with the existence of the rules in the article, the authority of the service becomes limited by the central regulations, duty in the region to be afraid when giving assistance to MSMEs who are not legal entities. Intensity of assistance to MSMEs to be limited, and this becomes a problem that weakens the capital social, because the government is too taking a role, rather than encouraging SMEs. Another recommendation, the government needs to intensively find partners new for MSME in Keparakan Kidul if budget for UMKM still limited. The search for new partners is not just for MSMEs groups already incorporated, but also non-legal. The background of this study is the striking difference between development of craft in Keparakan Kidul and Manding. But, at the moment the development of leather craft in Keparakan Kidul more developed if compared to leather crafts in Manding. Yet in terms of experience, age craft, and fame is superior to Manding, but on the developmental side production and craftsmen more developed Keparakan Kidul. This is then which became an interesting phenomenon of best practices regarding government efforts in mobilizing the social capital of leather craftsmen in Keparakan Kidul. The purpose of this study is 1) Knowing the government's efforts in mobilizing the social capital of the people of Keparakan Kidul. 2) Knowing the factors a driver of social capital. While this research method is qualitative descriptive. A little explanation of the theoretical logic of this research: Social trust must be built through a commitment in the form of government and community involvement to build that trust. Leaders of KOKKMAS should be able affect the organization in order to continue to maintain its productivity, because without the influence, KOKKMAS will not run, and the government's social trust to KOKKMAS is difficult to maintain, because KOKKMAS can not keep up productivity. Meanwhile, coordination direction should take place clearly and directed to avoid miss communication that can resulting in government trust to KOKKMAS reduced. The research findings are government efforts that have been quite successful in mobilizing the social capital of the craftsmen in Keparakan Kidul, however experiencing problems in its journey because of the law which resulted in overlapping authority among agencies, plus with limited budget for sustainability of empowerment, so inhibit social capital of society. The recommendation of this research is the need for judicial review to the Act No 23 of 2014 on Regional Government in article 298 paragraph 4 and 5. Because with the existence of the rules in the article, the authority of the service becomes limited by the central regulations, duty in the region to be afraid when giving assistance to MSMEs who are not legal entities. Intensity of assistance to MSMEs to be limited, and this becomes a problem that weakens the capital social, because the government is too taking a role, rather than encouraging SMEs. Another recommendation, the government needs to intensively find partners new for MSME in Keparakan Kidul if budget for UMKM still limited. The search for new partners is not just for MSMEs groups already incorporated, but also non-legal.

Kata Kunci : Upaya Pemerintah, Modal sosial, Komitmen, Kemitraan, Kepemimpinan, dan Koordinasi