Kerentanan Terhadap Erosi Marin di Sektor Pariwisata Pantai Kabupaten Bantul

MUHAMMAD THARIQ PRATAMA, Dr. Djati Mardiatno, M.Si

2017 | Skripsi | S1 GEOGRAFI DAN ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Kawasan kepesisiran memiliki potensi bencana pesisir yang bermacam-macam salah satunya erosi pantai. Informasi dan pengetahuan terkait karakteristik dan tingkat kerentanan dari bencana erosi pantai yang terjadi sangat diperlukan sebagai upaya mengurangi risiko bencana erosi pantai. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan tingkat kerentanan yang terjadi serta menganalisis persepsi wisatawan terkait bencana erosi pantai serta pengaruhnya terhadap objek wisata pantai. Penelitian ini dalam melakukan penilaian tingkat kerentanan menggunakan metode SMCE (Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation) sedangkan identifikasi karakteristik dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan dan berdasarkan penilaian tingkat kerentanan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis persepsi wisatawan dengan wawancara langsung terhadap 100 responden yang merupakan wisatawan di lapangan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Selanjutnya, jawaban dari perspektif wisatawan dikelompokkan dan dianalisis sehingga menghasilan perspektif wisatawan secara keseluruhan. Hasil penilaian kerentanan dilakukan dengan lima skenario yaitu skenario fisik, sosial, ekonomi, sosial ekonomi dan skenario equal. Identifikasi karakteristik serta tingkat kerentanan pada daerah kajian yakni Desa Srigading, Desa Gadingsari, dan Desa Poncosari dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yaitu jarak bangunan terhadap garis pantai, jumlah penduduk, dan KK miskin. Ketiga desa dalam penelitian ini memperlihatkan tingkat kerentanan yang berbeda terhadap erosi pantai. Perspektif wisatawan terhadap aspek fisik berpengaruh terhadap rusaknya bangunan sekitar dan keindahan alam, aspek jumlah wisatawan berpengaruh mengalami penurunan serta sosial ekonomi berpengaruh terhadap menurunnya pendapatan pedagang. Kerentanan fisik dan ekonomi Pantai Samas terhadap erosi pantai tinggi sehingga hilangnya potensi wisata sehingga banyak warga yang pindah lokasi jualan ke pantai lain. Kerentanan fisik dan sosial Pantai Kwaru terhadap erosi pantai tinggi sehingga infrastruktur sarana prasarana mengalami kerusakan parah di sekitar bibir pantai mengurangi minat wisatawan. Kerentanan ekonomi Pantai Goa Cemara terhadap erosi pantai sedang sehingga pengunjung tetap ramai berdatangan walaupun bibir pantai semakin terkikis dan pohon cemara udang hanyut tersapu ombak.

Coastal areas have various potential disasters including coastal erosion. Information and knowledge related to the characteristics and vulnerability of coastal erosion disaster are needed as an effort to reduce the risk of coastal erosion disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this reasearch is to identify the characteristic and the degree of vulnerability and analyze the perception of tourists related to coastal erosion disaster and its influence on coastal tourism object. This reasearch assessed vulnerability using SMCE (Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation) method while character identification was done by field observation and based on vulnerability assessment. The method used to analyze the perception of tourists by direct interviews of 100 respondents who are tourists in the field using a questioner. Furthermore, the answers from tourists perspective are grouped and analyzed to produce an overall tourist perspective. The results of vulnerability assessment were conducted with five scenarios namely physical, social, economic, socioeconomic and equal. Identification of characteristics and vulnerability in the research areas of Srigading village, Gadingsari village, and Poncosari village were influenced by various factors, namely the distance of the building to coastline, population, and poor household. The perspective of tourists on the physical aspects affect the destruction of buildings around and the beauty of nature, the number of influential tourists experiencing a decline and socioeconomic effect on declining merchant income. the tourist perspective on the physical aspect that affected to buildings around and the beauty of nature, the number of tourist, and socioeconomic affected to declining merchant income. The physical and economic vulnerability of Samas Beach against erosion is high that affected to lossing potential tourist and many residents moved to another beach to be merchant. the physical and socio vulnerability of Kwaru Beach against erosion is high that affected to severe damage of infrastructure around coastal area and decrease the interest of tourist. the economic vulnerability of Goa Cemara Beach is average so that amount of tourist yet come altough the erosion yet endangering coastal area and washed away some casuarinaceae.

Kata Kunci : Erosi Pantai, Kepesisiran, Kerentanan, SMCE, Pariwisata/ Coastal, Erosion, Vulnerabiliy, SMCE, Tourism