PELAPISAN BUAH CABAI DENGAN KITOSAN DAN GLUKOMANAN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOS

CHAIEYDHA NOER A, Ani Widiastuti, S.P., M.P., Ph.D; Prof. Dr. Ir. Siti Subandiyah, M.Agr.Sc; Dr. Ir. Arif Wibowo, M.Agr.Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Penyakit antraknos disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum gloeosporioides merupakan salah satu penyakit penting cabai (Capsicum sp.) pada fase pascapanen. Kitosan dan glukomanan berasal dari bahan alami yang aman digunakan sebagai pelapis buah cabai. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai studi pendahuluan menentukan keefektifan kitosan dan glukomanan sebagai bahan pelapis buah cabai untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknos. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 jenis cabai yaitu cabai besar (Hot Chili), cabai keriting (Phoenix), dan cabai rawit (RM 28), sedangkan kitosan dan glukomanan konsentrasi 0.1%. Terdapat 8 perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu CIK : Coating-Inoculation Kitosan; CIG : Coating-Inoculation Glukomanan; CIK+G : Coating-Inoculation Kitosan+Glukomanan; ICK : Inoculation-Coating Kitosan; ICG : Inoculation-Coating Glukomanan; ICK+G : Inoculation-Coating Kitosan+Glukomanan; K(+) : Kontrol positif; K(-) : Kontrol negatif. Pelapisan buah cabai besar varietas Hot Chili dengan kitosan 0.1%, buah cabai keriting varietas Phoenix dengan glukomanan 0.1%, dan buah cabai rawit varietas RM 28 dengan glukomanan dalam kitosan 0.1% efektif untuk menekan intensitas penyakit antraknos pada hari ke-9, tetapi tidak dapat mempertahankan susut bobot hari ke-9, kadar gula hari ke-7, dan kadar vitamin C hari ke-9. Hasil uji organovisual menunjukkan pelapisan buah cabai keriting varietas Phoenix dengan variasi perlakuan kitosan dan glukomanan lebih disukai oleh panelis yaitu rerata skor 23.66. Hasil uji perkecambahan spora menunjukkan kitosan dapat menghambat perkecambahan spora C. gloeosporioides, sedangkan pada uji makanan beracun dalam media PDA dengan variasi perlakuan kitosan dan glukomanan menunjukkan diameter koloni C. gloeosporioides tidak berbeda secara signifikan.

Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the important chili (Capsicum sp.) postharvest diseases. Chitosan and glucomannan are natural safe materials which are possible to use as chili postharvest coating. The aim of this study was as a preliminary study to determine the effectiveness of chitosan and glucomannan as an edible coating material for controlling anthracnose in postharvest chili. This research used 3 types varieties of chili : Hot Chili variety (big chili), Phoenix variety (curly chili), and RM 28 variety (pepper chili), while the concentration of chitosan and glucomannan was 0.1%. There were 8 treatments in this research that were CIK : Coating-Inoculation Chitosan; CIG : Coating-Inoculation Glucomannan; CIK+G : Coating-Inoculation Chitosan+Glucomannan; ICK: Inoculation-Coating Chitosan; ICG: Inoculation-Coating Glucomannan; ICK+G : Inoculation-Coating Chitosan+Glucomannan; K(+) : positive control ; K(-) : negative control. The result of coating Hot Chili variety (big chili) with chitosan 0.1%, Phoenix variety (curly chili) with glucomannan 0.1%, and RM 28 variety (pepper chili) with chitosan and glucomannan 0.1% were effective to reduce anthracnose disease severity on day-9, but could not sustain the weight loss on day-9, sugar on day-7, and vitamin C level on day-9. The result of organovisual test showed that coating of Phoenix variety (curly chili) with variation of chitosan and glucomannan treatments were more preferable by the consumers, which the average score was of 23.66. The germination spore test showed that chitosan could inhibit germination spores of C. gloesporioides, while the poisoned food technique test on PDA medium with chitosan and glucomannan treatments variation showed that the colony diameter of C. gloeosporioides were not significantly different compared to control.

Kata Kunci : Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, kitosan, glukomanan, pelapisan cabai