Hubungan Institusi Agama dan Politik: Peran Gereja Katolik dalam Revolusi People Power 1986 di Filipina
DITA NURLIANI, Dr. Diah Kusumaningrum
2017 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONALPada revolusi People Power yang terjadi tahun 1986 di Filipina, banyak pihak yang menjadi faktor penentu keberhasilan revolusi tersebut. Namun Gereja Katolik di Filipina merupakan katalisator terpenting dalam terjadinya revolusi dan digunakannya nilai-nilai nirkekerasan pada proses dan pelaksanaannya. Gereja Katolik tidak hanya menjadi pihak yang paling vokal dalam menyuarakan penolakan mereka terhadap kebijakan dan tindakan Marcos yang dianggap lalim namun juga menjadi pihak yang menggerakkan rakyat Filipina untuk tumpah ke jalan Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA). Peran yang diambil oleh Gereja Katolik yang saat itu dipimpin oleh Kardinal Sin memungkinkan tiga hal. Pertama, arahan Gereja Katolik memberikan legitimasi bagi rakyat untuk menggulingkan Marcos. Kedua, Kardinal Sin mampu menyiapkan pihak oposisi yang melawan Marcos pada snap election yakni Cory Aquino. Ketiga, Gereja Katolik dengan pengaruhnya di masyarakat Filipina yang begitu besar mampu membawa basis massa yang kuat dan terorganisir. Selain itu pengaruhnya juga mampu memindahkan loyalitas pendukung Marcos pada mereka. Tiga hal ini menjadi tiga faktor besar yang berhasil menggulingkan rezim Marcos dan mengembalikan demokrasi di Filipina.
In the People Power revolution that took place in 1986 in the Philippines, many actors became the decisive factor in the success of the revolution. But the Catholic Church in the Philippines is the most important catalyst in the revolution as well as the use of nonviolent values in its processes and practices. The Catholic Church is not only the most vocal in delivering their rejection of Marcos� policy and actions that were considered as oppressive but also the key actor that moved Filipino people into the street of Epifanio de los Santos (EDSA). The role taken by the Catholic Church which was then led by Cardinal Sin allowed three things to happen in the revolution. First, the Catholic Church direction provided legitimacy for people to overthrow Marcos. Secondly, Cardinal Sin was able to prepare the opposition against Marcos on the snap election which was taken by Cory Aquino. Third, the Catholic Church�s influence in the Philippines was big enough to lead a strong and organized mass base. Aside of that, her influence was also able to shift the loyalty of Marcos supporters on the opposition side. These three things became three major factors that successfully overthrew the regime of Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines.
Kata Kunci : People Power, Gereja Katolik, EDSA 1986, rezim Marcos, resistensi nirkekerasan, Kardinal Sin, Cory Aquino