A Legal Analysis towards Land Ownership of Non-native Indonesians in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in accordance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

GHINA ANDARIKA PRAWITASARI, Dr. Heribertus Jaka Triyana, S.H., LL.M., M.A.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUKUM

Selama lebih dari satu dekade, Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI) non pribumi yang tinggal dan menetap di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta tidak dapat memiliki Hak Milik, sesuai dengan Instruksi Wakil Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta No. K.098/I/A/1975 yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 1975. Beberapa tahun kemudian di tahun 1984, pemerintah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mengeluarkan Peraturan Daerah No. 3 Tahun 1984, yang menginstruksikan untuk segala urusan agraria di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta diatur seluruhnya berdasarkan Undang Undang No. 5 Tahun 1960. Namun, WNI non pribumi tetap tidak dapat mendapatkan Hak Milik sampai hari ini. Indonesia sendiri adalah State Party untuk International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), yang telah diratifikasi melalui Undang Undang No. 29 Tahun 1999. Pula, Indonesia telah mengeluarkan Undang Undang yang menginstruksikan untuk penghapusan diskriminasi ras, Undang Undang No. 40 Tahun 2008. Dengan demikian, skripsi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti mengapa perlakuan terhadap WNI non pribumi ini dapat berujung kepada diskriminasi ras seperti yang diatur pada, dan bagaimana untuk menerapkan apakah perlakuan ini merupakan diskriminasi ras seperti yang diatur pada ICERD. Skripsi ini dilakukan dengan metode normatif empiris. Dalam meneliti, pendekatan normative akan digunakan guna menganalisa segala peraturan dan dokumen internasional terkait mengenai ICERD. Untuk memberikan wawasan mengenai bagaimana peraturan ini telah diterapkan, akan diterapkan melalui pendekatan empiris. Perlakuan terhadap WNI non pribumi ini berakhir pada diskriminasi rasial seperti yang diatur di dalam ICERD, karena perlakuan tersebut melanggar elemen elemen diskriminasi rasial yang diatur di dalam Pasal 1(1) ICERD. Dalam menentukan apakah sebuah perlakuan merupakan diskriminasi rasial atau tidak, ada tiga prasarat yang harus ditemui; bahwa tindakan tersebut must have the purpose or the effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise on an equal footing of human rights and fundamental freedoms, bahwa tindakan tersebut juga harus in form of a distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference, dan karena ini merupakan diskriminas rasial, maka tindakan tersebut juga harus based on race, color, descent, or national or ethnic origin.

Over the decades, non native Indonesians who live and reside in in the Special Region of Yogyakarta are unable to obtain an Ownership Right, in accordance with the stipulation in a Vice Governor of Special Region of Yogyakarta Instruction No. K.098/I/A/1975 issued in 1975. Several years later in 1984, the government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta issued a Regional Regulation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta No. 3 Year 1984, where it mandates that all agrarian matters in the Special Region of Yogyakarta shall now be fully governed under Law No. 5 Year 1960. However, non native Indonesians are still unable to obtain Ownership Right to the present day. Indonesia itself is a State Party to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), where it has ratified ICERD through Law No. 29 Year 1999. Additionally, Indonesia has also enacted a law that mandates for the elimination of racial discrimination, Law No. 40 Year 2008. Thus, this legal research seeks to find out why this treatment may lead to a possible racial discrimination as prescribed in the ICERD, and how to determine whether or not this treatment constitutes as a racial discrimination according to ICERD. This legal research is conducted with a normative empirical method. In seeking the research, the normative approach would be used to analyze any related regulations and international documents pertaining to ICERD. To provide an insight of how these regulations have been implemented, an empirical approach would be used. It is found that this treatment leads to a discrimination as prescribed in ICERD, as it violates elements of racial discrimination under Article 1(1) of ICERD. In determining whether or not a treatment constitutes as a racial discrimination, there are three requirements to meet; that the action must have the purpose or the effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise, on an equal footing of human rights and fundamental freedoms, that the action must be also in form of a distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference, and as it is a racial discrimination, therefore the action must also be based on race, color, descent, or national or ethnic origin.

Kata Kunci : Kepemilikan tanah, WNI non pribumi, ICERD, diskriminasi rasial / Land ownership, Non native Indonesians, ICERD, Racial Discrimination