PENGARUH PEMBERLAKUAN NON-TARIFF MEASURES TERHADAP EKSPOR KARET ALAM INDONESIA PADA 10 NEGARA TUJUAN EKSPOR UTAMA 2000-2015

HANIFAH NUR LAILI, Amirullah Setya Hardi, S.E., Cand.Oecon., Ph.D.

2017 | Skripsi | ILMU EKONOMI

Semakin terbukanya negara-negara dalam perdagangan internasional dapat tercermin dari usaha mengurangi hal-hal yang menghambat perniagaan melalui kesepakatan. Meskipun hambatan berupa kuota impor telah berangsur-angsur dihilangkan, terdapat perhatian besar atas keberadaan tindakan non-tarif yang mengisi peran proteksi tersebut utamanya pada perdagangan non-manufaktur melalui tindakan Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) dan Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). Penelitian ini berusaha menganalisis pengaruh dari adanya tindakan non-tarif dari negara pengimpor dalam transaksi perdagangan, bilamana tindakan menghambat atau mendukung arus ekspor. Analisis penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode regresi data panel model fixed effect generalized least squares dengan variabel terikat berupa nilai ekspor komoditas karet alam Indonesia ke 10 negara tujuan utama selama periode 2000-2015. Sementara itu, variabel penjelas penelitian berupa pendapatan negara pengimpor, populasi negara pengimpor, produksi karet alam Indonesia, serta pemberlakuan tindakan: SPS, TBT, dan keduanya secara bersamaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengenaan SPS oleh negara pengimpor secara signifikan dapat memberikan dampak pengurangan ekspor. Sementara itu, pengenaan TBT dapat mendorong perdagangan secara signifikan. Keberadaan keduanya memberikan pengaruh negatif dan signifikan bagi perdagangan.

The exposure of countries in international trade can be reflected in the efforts to reduce the things that hamper commerce through agreements. Although the barriers in the form of import quotas have been gradually eliminated, there is a great concern for the existence of non-tariff measures that fill the role of protection. This is especially true in non-manufacturing trade through Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) measures. This study seeks to analyze the effect of non-tariff measures from importing countries in trade transactions, whether the action inhibits or supports export flows. The analysis of this research is done by using regression method of fixed effect generalized least squares panel data with value of export of natural rubber commodities of Indonesia to 10 main destination countries during the period of 2000-2015 as dependent variable. Meanwhile, the research explanatory variables are the revenue of importing country, importing country population, Indonesia natural rubber production, and the enactment of measures: SPS, TBT, and both simultaneously. The results show that the imposition of SPS by importing countries can significantly give trade-reducing impact. Meanwhile, the imposition of TBT can encourage trade significantly. The existence of both measures has a negative and significant impact on trade.

Kata Kunci : Non-tariff measures, Sanitary and Phytosanitary, Technical Barriers to Trade, Hambatan perdagangan