FONDASI MORAL DAN HOMONEGATIVITY
SHABRINA KUSWARDANI, Sutarimah Ampuni, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog
2017 | Skripsi | S1 PSIKOLOGISorotan media kepada kelompok LGBT saat ini menimbulkan pro dan kontra dari masyarakat Indonesia. Tanggapan negatif terhadap kelompok LGBT ini disebut dengan homonegativity. Fondasi moral (Haidt, Graham, & Joseph, 2009) adalah sistem psikologis yang membuat seseorang memahami perilaku sebagai terpuji atau tercela; terdapat lima fondasi moral, yaitu care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, sanctity/degradation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran fondasi moral terhadap homonegativity. Tiga fondasi moral diperkirakan dapat memprediksi homonegativity yang dijelaskan dalam hipotesis berikut: (1) Fondasi sanctity/degradation merupakan prediktor homonegativity dengan arah positif, (2) Fondasi fairness/cheating merupakan prediktor homonegativity dengan arah negatif, dan (3) Fondasi care/harm merupakan prediktor homonegativity dengan arah negatif. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Moral Foundations Questionnaire dan Revised Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Scale. Partisipan penelitian merupakan 254 mahasiswa aktif di perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Analisis regresi berganda dengan metode enter menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat fondasi moral yang dapat memprediksi homonegativity dengan peran sebesar 43%, terutama fondasi sanctity/degradation (b = 0,595; p < 0,001), fairness/cheating (b = -0,184; p < 0,001), loyalty/betrayal (b = 0,152; p < 0,05), dan care/harm (b = -0,122; p < 0,05). Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan fondasi moral dapat memprediksi homonegativity, terutama dari fondasi sanctity/degradation, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, dan care/harm.
Media spotlight on the LGBT community raised pros and cons among society in Indonesia. This negative response toward LGBT is known as homonegativity. Moral foundations (Haidt, Graham, & Joseph, 2009) are psychological system used by individuals to assess behaviors as right or wrong; there are five moral foundations i.e. care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, sanctity/degradation. This research aimed to determine the role of moral foundations on homonegativity. Three foundations were expected to predict homonegativity through the following hypotheses: (1) Sanctity/degradation foundation contributes positively toward homonegativity, (2) Fairness/cheating foundation contributes negatively toward homonegativity, and (3) Care/harm foundation contributes negatively toward homonegativity. Moral Foundations Questionnaire was used to measure moral foundations while Revised Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay was used to measure the level of homonegativity. Participants of this research were 254 active students in universities in Indonesia recruited online using Google Form. Multiple regression analysis with enter method showed that moral foundations significantly predicted homonegativity with a contribution of 43%. Four instead of three foundations were found to contribute significantly to homonegativity, i.e. sanctity/degradation (b = 0,595; p < 0,001), fairness/cheating (b = -0,184; p < 0,001), loyalty/betrayal (b = 0,152; p < 0,05), and care/harm (b = -0,122; p < 0,05). Thus, it can be concluded that moral foundations predict homonegativity, specifically the foundations of sanctity/degradation, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, and care/harm.
Kata Kunci : teori fondasi moral, moral foundations theory, homonegativity, LGBT
