ANALISIS DAYA SAING USAHATANI TEBU DI JAWA TENGAH DAN JAWA TIMUR

WAHYU ADHI SAPUTRO, Prof. Dr. Ir. Masyhuri; Dr. Ir. Any Suryantini, M.M.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui daya saing usahatani tebu di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur berdasarkan keunggulan komparatif (DRCR) dan keunggulan kompetitif (PCR) dan (2) mengetahui kebijakan pemerintah terhadap proteksi output (NPCO) dan proteksi input (NPCI) usahatani tebu di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur serta (3) factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi daya saing usahatani tebu di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasilnya di Jawa Tengah menjelaskan bahwa usahatani tebu tidak memiliki keunggulan komparatif namun memiliki keunggulan kompetitif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai Rasio Biaya Sumber Daya Domestik DRCR> 1 yaitu 1,23 dan nilai Private Cost Ratio PCR <1 yaitu 0,71. Sedangkan hasil di Jawa Timur menjelaskan bahwa usahatani tebu tidak memiliki keunggulan komparatif namun memiliki keunggulan kompetitif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai DRCR> 1 yaitu 1,05 dan nilai PCR <1 yaitu 0,56. Uji parsial dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa banyak jumlah responden pada masing-masing wilayah di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur yang memiliki daya saing usahatani tebu. Berdasarkan uji parsial tiap responden di Jawa Tengah terdapat 51,67% responden berdaya saing sangat tinggi, 45,00% berdaya saing sedang dan 3,33% berdaya saing sangat rendah. Sementara itu di Provinsi Jawa Timur terdapat 25,00% responden berdaya saing sangat tinggi, 65,00% berdaya saing sedang dan 10,00% berdaya saing sangat rendah. Kebijakan pemerintah berdampak proteksi terhadap output dan input usahatani tebu. Hal ini dilihat berdasarkan nilai NPCO>1 dan NPCI<1. Petani tebu menerima harga gula lebih tinggi dari harga sosialnya dan membayar biaya input lebih rendah dari harga sosialnya. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi daya saing usahatani tebu di Provinsi Jawa Tengah adalah pelatihan dan umur petani sedangkan untuk Provinsi Jawa Timur dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan dan pengalaman.

This study aims to determine the competitiveness of sugarcane farming in Central Java and East Java based on comparative advantage (DRCR) and competitive advantage (PCR) and (2) to know the government's policy on output protection (NPCO) and input protection (NPCI) of sugarcane farming in Central and East Java and (3) factors affecting sugar cane farming competitiveness in Central Java and East Java. The method used is the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The result in Central Java explained that the sugarcane farming didn’t have comparative advantage but have competitive advantage. It is indicated by the value of Domestic Resource Cost Ratio DRCR>1 which is 1.23 and the value of Private Cost Ratio PCR<1 which is 0.71. Meanwhile The result in East Java explained that the sugarcane farming didn’t have comparative advantage but have competitive advantage. It is indicated by the value of DRCR>1 which is 1.05 and the value of PCR<1 which is 0.56. Partial test is conducted to find out how many respondents in each region in Central Java and East Java that have competitiveness sugarcane farming. Based on the partial test of each respondent in Central Java there are 51.67% of respondents are very competitive, 45.00% are of medium competitiveness and 3.33% are very low competitive. Meanwhile, in East Java Province, there are 25.00% of respondents with very high competitiveness, 65.00% are of medium competitiveness and 10.00% are very low competitive. The government policy impacts on the output and input of sugar cane farming. It is seen based on the value of NPCO> 1 and NPCI <1. Sugarcane farmers receive sugar prices higher than their social prices and pay input costs lower than their social prices. Factors affecting the competitiveness of sugarcane farming in Central Java Province are training and age of farmers while for East Java Province is influenced by education and experience.

Kata Kunci : This study aims to determine the competitiveness of sugarcane farming in Central Java and East Java based on comparative advantage (DRCR) and competitive advantage (PCR) and (2) to know the government's policy on output protection (NPCO) and input protect