Keanekaragaman, Kemelimpahan, dan Pemanfaatan Ikan Kakatua di Zona Pemanfaatan dan Perlindungan, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa

MEGA FITRIA MAHARANI, Dr. Retno Peni Sancayaningsih, M. Sc.; Drs. Trijoko, M. Si.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Keberadaan ikan kakatua sebagai ikan herbivora sangat penting dalam menjaga kesehatan terumbu karang. Jumlah ikan kakatua subfamili Scarinae di perairan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (TNKJ) sangat melimpah dan juga merupakan salah satu ikan target penangkapan nelayan. Penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman, kemelimpahan, dan pemanfaatan ikan kakatua di Indonesia masih jarang. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian serupa khususnya di TNKJ. Penelitian dilakukan di zona perlindungan bahari dan zona pemanfaatan perikanan sebagai perbandingan zona boleh tangkap dan zona larang tangkap. Pengambilan data keanekaragaman dan kemelimpahan ikan kakatua beserta terumbu karang dilakukan menggunakan UVC dan LIT. Data pemanfaatan didapatkan melalui kuesioner nelayan. Data ikan, karang, dan kuesioner dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data korelasi ikan dengan tutupan karang dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi linear. Hasil penelitian menemukan total 20 jenis ikan kakatua dengan kemelimpahan total 287 individu. Keanekaragaman ikan kakatua di zona pemanfaatan lebih besar dibandingkan zona perlindungan, namun dengan kemelimpahan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan zona perlindungan. Besarnya keanekaragaman dan kemelimpahan ikan kakatua kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh topografi terumbu karang. Kondisi tutupan terumbu karang zona pemanfaatan dan zona perlindungan termasuk dalam kategori sedang dan baik dengan tutupan 35,1% s/d 52,7%. Perhitungan index menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman sedang, sebagian besar komunitas stabil, dan tidak ada dominansi spesies. Korelasi antara keanekaragaman dan kemelimpahan ikan dengan karang ditemukan pada tutupan other fauna, acropora, algae, no acropora, dan abiotik yang menandakan preferensi pakan ikan kakatua. Pemanfaatan ikan kakatua di zona pemanfaatan dan zona perlindungan tidak memiliki beda signifikan karena ikan tetap ditangkap di zona perlindungan.

Parrotfish has important role in keeping coral reefs's healthy. Parrotfish are abundant and diverse in Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) water and become one of targeted fish of fishermen. Study about diversity, abundance, and utilization of parrotfish in Indonesia is still rare. Therefore, it is needed to study this subject especially in KNP. Research was done in fishing utilization zone and marine protection zone as comparison between take area and no take area. Data of fish and coral were collected by UVC and LIT. Utilization data were collected by fishermen questionnaire. The data of fish, corals, and questionaire were analyzed descriptively. Fish correlation data were analyzed by linear correlation. Research found total diversity of 20 species and total abundance of 287 individual of parrotfish. Parrotfish diversity in utilization zone is bigger than in protection zone, however the abundance is lesser than in protection zone. Diversity and abundance of parrotfish may be influenced by coral reef topography. Coral coverage in utilization zone and protection zone are included in Fair to Good category with 35,1 % to 52,7 % coverage. Indexes showed that abundance is fair, mostly have stable community, and no domination among parrotfish's species. The correlation of diversity and abundance of parrotfish with coral coverage are found in other fauna, acropora, algae, non acropora, and abiotic coverage which indicate the food preference of parrotfish. Parrotfish utilization in utilization zone and protection zone have no significant difference because parrotfishes are still being catched in protection zone.

Kata Kunci : Keanekaragaman, Kemelimpahan, Pemanfaatan, Kakatua, Karimunjawa