OPTIMALISASI SUHU UDARA UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Araecerus fasciculatus De Geer (COLEOPTERA: ANTHRIBIDAE) PADA BIJI PALA

DWI RACHMANTO, Prof. Dr. Ir. Fransiskus Saverius Wagiman, S.U; Dr. Ir. Siwi Indarti, M.P

2017 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

The exported nutmeg of Indonesia is frequently affected by coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus De Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), so that it should be fumigated prior to export. CH3Br is an effective fumigant as quarantine measure for export products for 24 h, but this fumigant has been prohibited. Therefore, treatmen of air temperature is one of the alternative strategies. This research was aimed to determine the optimum air temperature in controlling A. fasciculatus on nutmeg. Healthy nutmeg, infected and A. fasciculatus-containing nutmeg, as well as adult of A. fasciculatus were treated with air temperature of 30-70°C for 1-24 h. The optimum air temperature was the lowest temperature which could kill 100% of examined insects. The results showed that 100% mortality of adults of A. fasciculatus out of nutmeg occurred at air temperature of 45°C for 12 h or 50°C for 6 h. Meanwhile, 100% mortality of life stadium of A. fasciculatus on nutmeg happened at air temperature of 55°C for 24 h. The raising of air temperature at 30-50°C for 24 h decreased the water content of nutmeg from 5,59 ± 0,25 to 3,79 ± 0,24%. The increment of temperature from 50 to 55°C for 24 h reduced the weight of nutmeg from 5.20±0.72 to 5.04±0.70 g. Air temperature treatment at 45-50°C for 12-24 h could eliminate adults of A. fasciculatus on exported nutmeg and air temperature of 55°C for 24 h could remove all life stadia of A. fasciculatus within nutmeg.

The exported nutmeg of Indonesia is frequently affected by coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus De Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), so that it should be fumigated prior to export. CH3Br is an effective fumigant as quarantine measure for export products for 24 h, but this fumigant has been prohibited. Therefore, treatmen of air temperature is one of the alternative strategies. This research was aimed to determine the optimum air temperature in controlling A. fasciculatus on nutmeg. Healthy nutmeg, infected and A. fasciculatus-containing nutmeg, as well as adult of A. fasciculatus were treated with air temperature of 30-70°C for 1-24 h. The optimum air temperature was the lowest temperature which could kill 100% of examined insects. The results showed that 100% mortality of adults of A. fasciculatus out of nutmeg occurred at air temperature of 45°C for 12 h or 50°C for 6 h. Meanwhile, 100% mortality of life stadium of A. fasciculatus on nutmeg happened at air temperature of 55°C for 24 h. The raising of air temperature at 30-50°C for 24 h decreased the water content of nutmeg from 5,59 ± 0,25 to 3,79 ± 0,24%. The increment of temperature from 50 to 55°C for 24 h reduced the weight of nutmeg from 5.20±0.72 to 5.04±0.70 g. Air temperature treatment at 45-50°C for 12-24 h could eliminate adults of A. fasciculatus on exported nutmeg and air temperature of 55°C for 24 h could remove all life stadia of A. fasciculatus within nutmeg.

Kata Kunci : Araecerus fasciculatus, biji pala, karantina, kumbang biji kopi, pengendalian, perlakuan suhu