KETERSEDIAAN LAYANAN LABORATORIUM PUSKESMAS DI INDONESIA ANALISIS DATA IFLS 2014

KHARIS VIDI FAHRI, DR. dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, MA.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Kebijakan Universal Health Coverage melalui program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional yang dimulai per 1 Januari 2014 sudah selayaknya membawa perubahan dalam melakukan pelayanan kesehatan, tidak terkecuali layanan laboratorium. Peraturan BPJS Kesehatan mengamanatkan bahwa Puskesmas diharuskan mampu mendiagnosis 144 penyakit dan masalah kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini diharapkan secara tidak langsung mampu mengidentifikasi perbaikan layanan kesehatan di era JKN, khususnya layanan laboratorium Puskesmas. Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis ketersediaan layanan laboratorium Puskesmas di Indonesia pada tahun 2014 dan faktor yang berhubungan dengan ketersediaan layanan laboratorium Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik, menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2014 yang telah dipublikasikan oleh RAND Corporation bekerjasama dengan Survey METER atas nama TPN2K, PRSF dan AusAID. Hasil Penelitian : Belum semua puskesmas memiliki layanan laboratorium yang lengkap. Layanan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang sebagian besar telah dimiliki puskesmas adalah pemeriksaan Hb, urin, kehamilan, sputum, kolesterol, dan gula darah. Puskesmas yang merupakan tipe puskesmas utama, memiliki jumlah staff > 33, puskesmas yang berada di wilayah Pulau Jawa diketahui merupakan faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap ketersediaan layanan laboratorium. Di era JKN ini, dana kapitasi yang ditunjukan untuk puskesmas belum mampu menjamin pemerataan ketersediaan layanan laboratorium disemua wilayah. Kesimpulan : Pemerintah diharapkan membuat kebijakan terkait jumlah tenaga kesehatan dan meningkatkan pemerataan sarana dan prasarana di puskesmas yang berada di luar Pulau Jawa.

Background: Universal Health Coverage Policy through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program which started on January 1st 2014 should bring changes in health services, include laboratory service. BPJS Health regulation mandates that Public Health Centers (PHC) are required to be able to diagnose 144 diseases and health problems. Therefore, this study was expected to indirectly identify the improvement of health services in JKN era, especially Public Health Centers laboratory services. Objective: To analyze availability of PHC laboratory services in Indonesia in 2014 and factors related to the availability of laboratory services. Methods: This was analytic observational study using cross-sectional study design. Data source was Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2014 which had been published by RAND Corporation in collaboration with Survey METER on behalf TPN2K, PRSF and AusAID. Results: Not all Public Health Center had adequate laboratorium services. Laboratory services which had largely been owned by Public Health Centers were hemoglobin, urine, pregnancy, sputum, cholesterol, and blood sugar examination. Main Public Health Center, Public Health Centers which had number of staff > 33, and Public Health Centers located in Java Island area were major factor related to the availability of laboratory services. In this JKN era, capitation fund had not been able to guarantee the equality of laboratory services in public health center. Conclusion: The government is expected to make policies related to the number of health personnel and improve the equity of facilities and infrastructure at public health centers located outside Java island.

Kata Kunci : Data IFLS, Layanan Laboratorium, Puskesmas, Data IFLS, Laboratory Services, Health Center