KANDUNGAN LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd) DALAM AIR DAN BIOAKUMULASI PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis sp.) DI SUNGAI WINONGO

DEDI FERNANDES S, Dr. M. Widyastuti, M.T; Dr. M. Pramono Hadi, M.Sc

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Keberadaan logam kadmium (Cd) pada ikan nila bergantung pada kapasitas akumulasi organ tubuh ikan nila. Ikan menyerap Cd di lingkungan perairan dan dapat membahayakan jika manusia mengkonsumsi ikan yang tercemar logam Cd di Sungai Winongo. Kandungan logam Cd dapat diketahui melalui air, sedimen dasar, organ tubuh ikan nila, serta analisa kapasitas bioakumulasi organ tubuh ikan nila yang telah dilakukan sejak 20 Februari-20 April 2017 di hulu, tengah, dan hilir Sungai Winongo menggunakan metode purposive sampling, sedangkan analisis sampel menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan Cd pada air tertinggi terdapat di hilir sungai yang telah melampaui baku mutu air kelas II dalam peraturan Gubernur DIY nomor 20 tahun 2008, dan terendah pada hulu sungai, kandungan Cd sedimen dasar tertinggi terdapat di Dalam Keramba yang telah melampaui baku mutu sedimen dalam ANZECC Tahun 2000 dan SEPA Tahun 2000, sedangkan yang terendah terdapat di Luar Keramba, sedangkan kandungan logam Cd pada organ insang, hati, daging ikan nila merah di Dalam Keramba dengan organ insang ikan nila hitam dan ikan nila merah Luar Keramba telah melampaui batas baku mutu SNI 7387: 2009, sedangkan kandungan logam Cd pada organ ginjal ikan nila merah Dalam Keramba dan organ hati ikan nila hitam Luar Keramba tidak terdeteksi alat spektrofometer. Terdapat hubungan dalam proses penyerapan kadmium oleh organ ikan nila dari air dan sedimen yang ditunjukkan oleh rendahnya tingkat akumulasi organ tubuh ikan nila (Bioaccumulation factor < 1000). Berdasarkan hasil dan analisis, kualitas lingkungan perairan Sungai Winongo telah berubah yang ditandai dengan keberadaan logam kadmium pada air, sedimen dasar, serta organ insang, hati, dan daging ikan melalui proses bioakumulasi organ ikan nila yang terdapat di Sungai Winongo.

The existence of cadmium metal (Cd) in tilapia depends on the accumulated capacity of the tilapia fish organs. Fishes absorbed Cd in aquatic environment and can be harmful if humans consume the fish contaminated with Cd metal in the Winongo River. The content of Cd metal known from water, base sediments, tilapia fish organs, and bioaccumulation capacity analysis of tilapia fish organs has been conducted since 20 February - 20 April 2017 in upstream, middle and downstream of Winongo River using purposive sampling method, while the sample analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers. The results shown the highest Cd content of water in downstream of the river has exceeded the standard quality of water class II based on regulation of DIY Governor No. 20 of 2008 and the lowest in the upstream. The highest of Cd content in base sediments were found Inside the Keramba has exceeded the sediment quality standards based on ANZECC 2000 and SEPA 2000, while the lowest is Outside the Keramba. The content of metal Cd in gill, liver, muscle of red tilapia organs is Inside the Keramba with gill organ of black tilapia and red tilapia are Outside the Keramba has exceeded the quality standard based on SNI 7387: 2009, while the content of metal Cd in the kidney organ of red tilapia is Inside the Keramba and liver organ of black tilapia is Outside the Keramba is not detected by spectrophotometer. There are a relationship in the process of cadmium uptake by organs of tilapia from water and sediment indicated by the low level of accumulation of tilapia fish organs (Bioaccumulation factor < 1000). Based on the result and analysis, the water quality of Winongo River has been changed and indicated metal cadmium in water, base sediments, gill, liver, and fish muscle through bioaccumulation process of tilapia fish organs found in Winongo River.

Kata Kunci : Sungai Winongo, Kadmium, Air, Sedimen dasar, Ikan nila