Populisme dan Klientelisme:(Studi Mengenai Strategi Mobilisasi Politik Menggunakan Program Sosial oleh Joko Widodo pada Pemilihan Presiden 2014 di DKI Jakarta)

Alfredo Gustiar, Mulyadi

2017 | Skripsi | Pembangunan Sosial dan Kesejahteraan (dh. Ilmu Sosiatri)

ABSTRACT Social program is part of social policy which became the instrument of the Government to ensure every citizen has equal access to achieve welfare condition. In reality, the distribution of social protection programmes in some cases used by politicians to win the elections. This strategy is done by promising the distribution of social protection and in the same time, the politician’s political machine do massive mobilization to influence the voter behavior. To improve the electability of those politicians, they are also doing political claims so the politician has a very strong association with the social protection distribution which actually done by the State. This strategy generate the form of impression of the promised distribution of social protection is a politicians kindness. This study attempts to describe the programmatic mobilization on the 2014 Presidential Election by Joko Widodo’s successors and the poor voter response DKI Jakarta as a target of this programmatic mobilization strategy. This research uses the Ernesto Laclau’s populism concept, and the Stokes’s vote buying concept to analyze the case study. The concepts of populism and vote buying using social programs (programmatic mobilization) is the two concepts used to analyze Joko Widodo’s strategy in 2014 Presidential Election. Joko Widodo was formed as a populist figure, strengthened by the promise of the distribution of social protection to influence poor voter behavior . This research used descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection techniques used are observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The informants of this research selected pusposively. The informants came from three elements, namely political parties poles Joko Widodo, Voluntary organizations that supports Joko Widodo, and voters who live in ten poor area in DKI Jakarta on the 2014 Presidential Election. All of the informants are directly involved in the process of programmatic mobilization that became the unit of analysis in this research. The result of this research show some evidences that describe the programmatic mobilization strategy by Joko Widodo’s successor on 2014 Presential Election. First of all, Joko Widodo has a great political machine. The political machine starts with convincing the poor voters through populism hegemony. The second, Joko Widodo’s successor controlling the behavior of poor voters through personal relationships. In additon, the response of poor voters is tend to vote without seeing the whole candidate’s idea, even the poor voters tend to be passive in seeking the information about candidate’s idea. Keywords : elections, political mobilization, social programs, machine politics, populism

Kata Kunci : Pemilihan Presiden( Pemilu)