Beyond Indonesias Sovereignty over its Sea: An Analysis on the Indonesias Struggle to be Recognized as an Archipelagic State

Razi Akbar Sabardi, Mohtar Masoed

2015 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

ABSTRACT Indonesia as a country that is located between two oceans and two continents and geographically consists of the islands and seas, has abundant interests on the developments of Regime/law of the sea, especially in terms of the conception of Archipelago Principles. Indonesia n rea lize d that the wa ters an d pa ssa ge route s between In done sia’ s 1 3.000 islan ds which have been an essential factor for Indonesia in unifying Indonesia were transformed by foreign powers into avenues for conquest, by being suffered from the consequences of the Grotiu s’s freedom of the sea s concep tio n as well a s the 3 na utic al m iles territorial wa ters as the generally well-accepted international Law of the Sea in terms of territorial waters that inspired Dutch to regulate the 1939 Territoriale Zee en Maritime Kringen Ordonantine (TZMKO) in Indonesia during the colonization era. With very complex and colored spirit of decolonization, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of newly independent states, polarization of the power block of the Cold War and the North-South conflict of interest about natural resources, technology transfer and policy development, Indonesia struggled for 25 years to fight for getting recognized as an Archipelago Country. At the end, the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea was adopted in Montego Bay in Jamaica on December 10, 1982, 25 years minus three days after the Djuanda Declaration was announced on December 13 1957, containing Archipelago Principles in the Convention and recognizing Indo nesia a s an “ archipela gic sta te” and sovere ign ty over the “arch ipelagic wate rs” . In attem pt to an swer curiosity re gardin g “How Ind onesia’s strugg led to be reco gnized as a n Arc hipe lag o Cou ntry”, this rese arch tries to a nswer the developmen t o f reg im e/the law of the sea to find out how TZMKO existed in Indonesia along with any impacts towards Indonesia’s sovereig nty. M oreover, as the ma in pu rpo se o f this researc h, th is rese arch aims to deeply find out about any processes, efforts and challenges of Ind onesia in its struggling to get recognition as an Archipelago Country. Keywords: Archipelago State, UNCLOS, Regime/Law of the Seas, Struggle.

Kata Kunci : Kedaulatan Bangsa-Indonesia