Kekerasan Oleh Negara Dalam Memberantas Tindakan Kriminal: Perbandingan Praktik Death Squads Di Yogyakarta Dan Rio De Janeiro Pada Dasawarsa 1980an

Maria Yovita Liem, Samsu Rizal Panggabean

2015 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

When the international world was still in the Cold War era, Indonesia in Asia and Brazil in South America experienced similar political and economical situations, where both countries were getting many loans and economic development programs from the United States and the west. Both countries were similarly in the process of developing the economy of their countries and both countries were also governed by regime that was dominated by the military, which were New Order government in Indonesia and military regime in Brazil. In the decades of 1980s, to be precise in 1982 to 1985, there were killings by death squads in Indonesia which was famous with the name, petrus (penembak misterious/mysterious shootings). Those death squads’ killings were first happened in Yogyakarta. At the same time, death squads’ killings were also happened in Brazil, (though the history of death squads practice in this country was far more long and complicated) mostly it happened in favelas (poor neighbourhood) in big cities, one of which is Rio de Janeiro. Killings done by death squads in both of these countries began to massively operated, one of the reason was because of criminality rate that had become higher and higher in both countries. This high criminality rate was troubling for most of the citizens and of course would not be any good and would not support the investing climate and their great developing economies. These acts of crime that had gotten out of hands were becoming the obstacles for the ruling government to achieve the order among the people for the betterment of developing satisfying economy. There were many reactions from the people in respond to death squads killings in both countries; there were some who were silent and agreed, but there were also many human rights activists and law enforcement foundation that protested the killing operation by death squads in both countries, and of course the international world also condemned and protested the killings by death squads and demanded that the death squads killings cases were taken to justice. There is no real and significant solution or handling of the problems about petrus in Indonesia, meanwhile there was already a truth and reconciliation commission to observe, and subsequently to bring the death squads killings in Brazil to justice. Keywords: death squads, petrus, violence, comparison, Yogyakarta, Rio de Janeiro.

Kata Kunci : Kekerasan