Paradigma Terorisme Lama -Terorisme Baru dan Aksi Teror Kontemporer:(Studi kasus Islamic State of Iraq and Syria(ISIS) di Timur Tengah)

Reynaldo Apriyandi Litobing, Rochdi Mohan Nazala

2015 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

ABSTRACT There has been a conceptual debate between “old” and “new” paradigm in the study of terrorism. Many scholars, analysts and policy makers believe that since 1990s, the world has been facing a brand new type of terrorism. They argue that the “old” paradigm of predominantly state-sponsored terrorism has changed into a religiously motivated terrorism conducted by independent non state actors. The violence commmited by this new actor also differs, not only in terms of lethality, but also in its indiscriminative nature. It is evident that today’s terrorism has gained some changes compared to the “old” ones. However, do the features of contemporary terrorism justify the concept of “new” terrorism?; and thus making the old one irrelevant? The aim of this paper is to give clarification toward these questions. The paper will discuss the debate between “old” and “new” paradigm of terrorism, and use the case study of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Middle East – as a contemporary act of terror – to give clarification. The main argument is that the act of terror done by ISIS shows changes that are not fundamental. There are some changes but they are of “degree” rather than “kind”. Moreover, the characteristic found in ISIS is a mixture of the “old” and “new” paradigm, that has been adapted to adjust to social and technological changes of our globalized era. The characteristic that will be discussed is based on three indicators: 1) motivaton; 2) actor and its structure; 3) the use of violence and technology. These indicators are choosen because they are the main clash points in the debate of “old” and “new” terrorism. Keywords: Terrorism, Old Terrorism, New Terrorism, ISIS, Middle East, Iraq, Syria

Kata Kunci : Terorisme