Peran Lokakarya Laut Cina Selatan dalam Upaya Resolusi Konflik Laut Cina Selatan

Jyestha Talitha Bashsha, Nur Rachmat Yuliantoro

2015 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

BSTRACT Conflicts in South China Sea (SCS) continue to escalate and resulting in both prominent and latent threat to China and South East Asia countries. It is widely known that the cause of tension in SCS comes from the overlapping claims by ASEAN countries and China. China, Taiwan, and Vietnam claim the Paracel Islands (consisting of 15 small islands), and six countries claim Spratly Island: China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Its strategic location that is used as the gateway for trading route from the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, whilst also the busiest shipping lanes from Southeast Asia to East Asia and vice versa; coupled with its oil and gas potentials, has made those countries claim some particular territories in SCS. Increasing tensions among countries that claim territory in the SCS pose a new threat not only to the claimants, but also to regional security. It begins with military modernization in Vietnam and the Philippines. China’s military modernization also cannot be neglected. Moreover, the involvement of the U.S. in this conflict increases the tension, that the U.S. is supporting military modernization of Vietnam and the Philippines as well as managing security cooperation with Malaysia. This potentially leads to regional instability. Before the conflict escalation happened, Indonesia held a ‘Workshop on Managing Potential Conflict in the South China Sea’ in 1990s involving claimants, stakeholders, and academics to develop cooperation in the area of SCS and to avoid escalation. The workshop was pioneered by H.E. Hasjim Djalal as one of Indonesia’s effort to defuse the potential conflict in SCS. It also can be considered as Indonesia’s role to maintain stability and security in the region. This workshop has been running for 24 times. Since 1990, Indonesia has initiated efforts to avoid conflict and to develop cooperation in the area of SCS through Technical Working Group (TWG), Group of Expert Meeting (GMS), and Study Groups (SG). This long maintained action done by Indonesia has achieved some significant results; one of them is ASEAN Declaration on Code of Conduct in the SCS in 2002. It is expected that the conflict in SCS will deescalate and the development of cooperation will establish between parties involved. However, the dynamics of this conflict is evolving from time to time. This requires Indonesia to start assessing its effort in managing potential conflict in the SCS, so Indonesia can manage a greater result in the future. To that end, this topic of undergraduate thesis aims to assess Indonesia’s role in the SCS conflict through ‘Workshop on Managing Potential Conflict in the South China Sea’. Writer will be more focused on how far the transfer process of perceptions, knowledge, and skills are received by the participants. Keywords: conflict resolution, de-escalation, cooperation, transfer process.

Kata Kunci : Resolusi Konflik - Cina