Hambatan Institusionalisasi Sistem Kepartaian di Indonesia Pasca Suharto dan Filipina Pasca Marcos

Hestutomo Restu Kuncoro, Eric Hiarij

2015 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

ABSTRACT Since their democratic transition, Indonesia and Philippines were relatively more democratic than other states in the region. Indonesia and Philippines however, still suffered from stagnancy in their party system institutionalization indicated by high electoral volatility in both states. This research was done to explain this stagnancy. The factors contributing to the stagnancy were clientelism and populism. Populism and clientelism in Indonesia and Philippines rendered the elite-constituents relationship weak and also contributed to the high intensity of changes in political parties’ compositions. These factors ultimately led to the stagnancy of party system institutionalization. The persistence of populism and clientelism in post-Suharto Indonesia and post-Marcos Philippines was due to the type of democratic transitions in both states. The democratic transition in Indonesia and Philippines was the one that even though started as popular demand, in the process ended up being dominated by elites. This type of democratic transition resulted in a democratic system where clientelism and populism were very dominant. Elections in the years following the democratic transition in Indonesia and Philippines showed that the winning parties or candidates were the ones using clientelism and populism in their campaign. Populism and clientelism persisted because the democratic system in Indonesia and Philippines were very elitist while the civil societies were weak. Weak civil societies led to weak elite-constituent relationship resulting in people’s inability to influence the political processes in both states. Weak civil society also hindered new actors from entering politics. In such situations, clientelism and populism were the only effective way for elites to win elections. Keyword: party system institutionalization, democratic transition, clientelism, populism

Kata Kunci : Partai Politik-Indonesia