Peran Turki sebagai Norm Entrepreneur dalam Lokalisasi Norma Demokrasi di Timur Tengah

ROBBY, Hadza Min Fadhli, Rochdi Mohan Nazala

2014 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

ABSTRACT Since late 1990s, Turkey has emerge as a democratic country after going through process of democratization which already started in 1980s. Along with Turkey’s democratization process, several parties has already considered Turkey’s capacity as a model for democratization in neighboring region, such as in Central Asia and Middle East. The reason behind this consideration is because Turkey has shown an ability to create a democratic state in a Muslim society with stable political condition and good economic development. Turkey has also successfully reconcile the differing values between Islamic values, secularism and democracy in a good terms. Realizing its capacity and its ability in democratization process, Turkey eventually show itself as a norm entrepreneur, specifying its tasks in spreading democratic norms among Middle East countries. What is unique with Turkey’s effort in democratizing Middle East is that Turkey is using “Turkish experience” to ensure the Middle Eastern countries that the democratic, secular, and Islamic values are not contradicting to each other. By Turkish experience, Turkey is trying to localize the democratic norm to make democratic norm more understandable and acceptable in Middle Eastern context. Turkish government is conducting the localization of democratic norms through several methods. First, Turkish government is localizing democratic norms through the regional organizations, such as Broader Middle East and Northern Africa (BMENA) and Organizations of Islamic Cooperations (OIC). Second, Turkish government is approaching governmental apparatus and civil society in several countries in Middle East, such as Iraq and Egypt, to spread democratic norms. The research shows that Turkish government’s effort in localizing democracy is successful in OIC and Iraq, but not very successful in BMENA and Egypt. The main reason behind the successful/unsuccessful adaptation is because of active local engagement in welcoming Turkish government initiative to spread and localize democratic norms. Keyword: Turkish foreign policy, democracy, Middle east, norm localization, Turkish experience

Kata Kunci : Politik Luar Negeri - Turki