Kegagalan Implementasi Organized Crime Countermeasures Law (BOTAIHO) di Jepang : (Studi kasus Pemberantasan Aktivitas Ilegal Organisasi Yakuza Periode 1992-2011

AZARYA, Reynaldo Krissancha, Usmar Salam

2014 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Abstract In the world of international crimes, Yakuza is one of main actors that has a wide influence, spreading from Japan, Southeast Asia, Europe, into United States. In respond of Yakuza’s existence, Japanese Government in 1991 has conducted an Anti-Organized Crime Countermeasures Law (Boryokudan Taisakuho), also known as Botaiho. During 1992-2011, Anti-Organized Crime Countermeasures Law policy has been used to limit Yakuza’s movement, especially in organizing their illegal business‟ on Japanese economical and political system. However, during that twenty years of implementation, Botaiho significantly has not been able to exterminate Yakuza‟s illicit activities from Japanese economical and political system. After the enforcement of Botaiho, Yakuza have not shown any significant reduction in terms of number. Moreover, the domination of Yakuza‟s big three group: Yamaguchi-gumi, Inagawa-kai, and Sumiyoshi-kai on illegal activities has also increased. During 1992-2011, Yakuza‟s domination in Violent Demand Acts, which has become the main purpose of this regulation, in contrary has increased. Administrative sanctions that was enforced by Botaiho have not succeed to exterminate violence conflicts that happened between Yakuza groups in Japan. Still, drug commercing activities organized by Yakuza is still running in high rate. Enterprise Theory (Abadinsky, 2007), Concept of State-Mafia Symbiosis (Strange, 1996), and the Model of Japanese Iron Triangle (Johnson,1993) will be used to explain the failure causes of this policy. Yakuza‟s role in the Model of Japanese Iron Triangle has enabled State-Mafia Symbiosis relations, so that entire extermination will be difficult to achieve. With the existence of that influence, the implementation of Japanese Government‟s Policy through Botaiho has become less appropriate to exterminate Yakuza‟s existence. This policy incapable of controlling the market of Illicit Demand, which based on Enterprise Theory is the main reason of Yakuza‟s existence. Because of it‟s incapability to control that market, Yakuza‟s illegal activities will continue to take place, despite any of government‟s effort to surpress and limit Yakuza‟s business. Keywords: Crime Enterprise, Diffusion of Power, State-Mafia Symbiosis, Yakuza, Botaiho

Kata Kunci : Sistem Ekonomi-Politik Jepang