Strategi Dalam Mewujudkan Integrasi Regional di Amerika Latin Sebagai Bentuk Counter Hegemony

Ismoyo Adiwasito, Eric Hiariej

2013 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

ABSTRACT This Paper examines the controversies and debates surrounding the emergence of Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra Americana – Tratado Comercio de los Pueblos ( ALBA-TCP), often called as just ALBA. My aim is to show how Latin American responds to the hegemonic neoliberalism model of development and USA domination within the Western Hemisphere which is manifested by the negotiation process of FTAA through the creation of a regional economic bloc based on solidarity rather than capitalist accumulation. The first section will deal with the history of Latin American regional integration in order to give framing to the emergence of ALBA and FTAA by the use of the generation of regionalism theory of Soderbaum and van Langenhove. Still in the first section, it will sketch the outlook of the FTAA and ALBA at its historical and discourse origins as well as its intended goals by using documents from the negotiation process. Then, the paper will analyze ALBA’s counter hegemonic aspects as well as its strategy to unite the Latin American through the writes of Gramsci about wars of movement and wars of positions as the means of developing counter hegemonic resistance which is complemented by the writing of Cox about dialectics as a would-be alternative to development through the clash of social forces within a historical structure. It will be argued that ALBA is the dialectical response to the FTAA and therefore a counter-hegemonic movement. Cox states that “A counter hegemony would consist of a coherent view of an alternative world order, backed by a concentration of power sufficient to maintain a challenge to core countries (Cox, 1981, p. 115)”, something that ALBA is becoming through the consolidation of legitimacy on a regional scale. Keywords : ALBA, resistance, counter hegemonic, FTAA, neoliberalism,

Kata Kunci : Integrasi