Modernisasi Pertanian Cina dalam Upaya Menjamin Ketahanan Pangan

WIJAYANTI, Paramita Putri, Nur Rachmat yuliantoro

2013 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

ABSTRACT Food security is one of contemporary issues in international relations. Over the time, it becomes very important because of its relation to the global economy, poverty, food production, and food market. But for China, it has been a long-term issue since Mao Zedong era. China has modernized agricultural sector and makes the grain as the major focus to ensure and promote food security. It was started by Deng Xiaoping who promoted four modernizations with agricultural modernization as part of them. When Hu Jintao led China, agricultural sector had turned into modern one. Nevertheless, government’s concern to the agricultural sector still strong. This paper analyzes two courses. They are aspects that made Hu’s government concerned to the agricultural sector and Hu’s agricultural modernization policy and the impact to the national food security. The research examines that there were problems in the China’s agricultural sector such as increasing domestic grain demand, environmental problems, limited human resource in the agricultural sector, high force of the free trade, and instability of global food price and supply that need government interference. Agricultural modernization and socialist market economy are used to analyze Hu’s agricultural policy. The policies emphasized development of human resource, particularly the peasant, and transfer of knowledge and information. It means that China’s agricultural modernization under Hu had been advanced. The policies mostly managed the macro sector for example investment,export, import, and supply. Hu implemented market economy but government still controlled the agricultural sector trough price support, subsidies, market price control, and so-on in legal way by adopted Green Box mechanism. The policies had good impacts to the national food security. Those increased food availability, accessibility, safety, and stability.

Kata Kunci : Ketahanan Pangan