Teori Kritis Jurgen Habermas sebagai Dasar Analisis Kebijakan Kritis atas Diskursus Nasionalisme Ekonomi

Antonius Galih Prasetyo, Gabriel Lele

2011 | Skripsi | Manajemen dan Kebijakan Publik (dh. Ilmu Administrasi Negara)

Under the heading of critical policy analysis, the aims of this research are to describe Jrgen Habermas' theoretical thoughts which is seen as important contribution in policy analysis and also to analyze economic nationalism discourse using Habermas' critical policy analysis perspective. This is important because through this research, the discursive nature of policy arguments is revealed. Thus, it discloses how the game of words and the smuggle of non-public interests spread out in policy arguments. Critical policy analysis downplays technocratic policy analysis which is believed to be the most rational analysis model. Techoncratic analysis is often unable to give satisfactory solution because it fails to understand the character of public problems which is multidimensional. Furthermore, it is not suitable with democratic values and development of contemporary society. The renewal movement in policy analysis which is called argumentative turn tries to cover the weakness of conventional policy analysis. One of the analysis model representing this renewal movement is the critical policy analysis. There are some theoretical insights from Habermas which could be used in critical policy analysis. Validity claim concept, rational discourse rules, and communicative action could be used as a measure to analyse, evaluate, and judge a policy argument or a policy process. Habermas also defined two kinds of public policy tipology, which are colonitative and deliberative policies. Colonitative public policy can emerge as an effect of system colonialization toward Lebenswelt, planning with the character of positivism, and hierarchial public administration system design. Meanwhile, deliberative policy is a policy where the decision based on civil aspiration in public sphere in deliberative democratic political system. Deliberative policy transformed communicative power into administrative power. This research is continued by doing critical policy analysis toward economic nationalism discourse published in daily Kompas which used some theoretical apparatus of Habermas. In this case, policy position adopted by the discourse initiator is evaluated. There are several findings which obtained in this analysis. First, the pragmatic and normative validity claim rejected by other discourse participants. Second, the validity claim of sincerity was succeed to redeem by discourse initiator. Third, the policy stance articulated by discourse initiator could be classified as colonitative policy. Fourth, the discourse located in a fair and neutral public sphere which accord with deliberative democracy principles. Key Words: Argumentative turn, critical policy analysis, validity claim, discourse, communicative action, colonitative policy, deliberative policy, deliberative democracy, public sphere, economic nationalism

Kata Kunci : Analisis Kebijakan