Analisis Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Australia Terkait Proses Perdamaian Pada Blokade Pulau Bougainville (1996-2005)

Pilar Ayu Paradewi, Eric Hiariej

2011 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

The experience of being destroyed by northern powerful state in World War II has built Australia’s personality to become a state with great responsibility and interest to make sure that its environment is secure to live in. In order to make sure that their country lies in a secure region, Australia’s government tend to do everything they might work on. Long time ago, there were insurgencies occurred in Bougainville Island (a small island 500 km away from Papua New Guinea). The insurgencies were triggered by the rights deprivations which had always happened since the mining exploitation had been done by an Australia’s mining company, Bougainville Copper Limited. That mining exploitation had made the Bougainvilleans lost their lands, houses, and their rights to plant and go fishing. As an act in response of being deprived, Bougainvilleans started to demonstrate how they unlikely could accept those mining exploitation activities. Things got worse in the end of 1980s decade when an insurgent group was formed to take the mining company down. They did a lot of severe sabotage that damaged the company’s property which caused the company closed. The closure of the company and the infinite insurgencies made Bougainville Island blockaded by Australia’s and PNG’s governments until several years later. The blockade was performed because the Australia’s government was afraid the insurgencies would get worse and threaten the regional security stability. Without any humanitarian supply, Bougainvilleans struggled to keep alive between the insurgency and confrontation that still happened. The blockade finally met its closing stage when in 1996 the new elected Australia’s Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affair perceived that blockade as an irrelevant method to make the region secure. That blockade is the instability itself which urgently needed immediate resolution. That idea was also supported by pressure groups which had always attempted to force the government to terminate the blockade. Together they made a great collaboration to urge peace process in Bougainville Island until it became totally peaceful as an autonomous region, by the middle of 2005. Keyword : Bougainville Island, mining exploitation, Australia, Papua New Guinea, pressure group, insurgency, regional security stability, peace process.

Kata Kunci : Hubungan Internasional Australia- Indonesia