Hubungan antara Pemerintah dengan Non Governmental Organization (NGO) dalam Penanganan Bencana Gempa Bumi 27 Mei 2006 di Kabupaten Bantul

Kurnia C. Effendi, Erwan Agus Purwanto

2009 | Skripsi | Manajemen dan Kebijakan Publik (dh. Ilmu Administrasi Negara)

The NGOs, domestic or foreign, had a significant role in the big humanity project after the major earthquake May 27th 2006. But unfortunately they also produced problems, from overlappings in giving aids to bad NGOs. That fact worsened the state of the catastrophe’s victim societies. Meanwhile, the Indonesian government was occupied with national catastrophic problems not fully solved yet, and its disaster management was deemed weak. Eventhough, as the only institution given with the whole responsibility in handling the disaster, the government should have been responsive to NGOs’ involvement there. The question will be how coordination among NGOs and controls over them were run, evenmore international disaster management institutions were also engaged there. Focusing to a management sector, i.e. housing, this research is aimed at giving account of the NGOs coordination and controlling, particularly that of their activities in post May 27th 2006 earthquake management within the DIY province and particularly in Bantul district. The research is qualitative and explorative. The analysis unit used is program. And programs run among NGOs are divided into coordination programs and controlling programs. Informations were collected making use of purposive sampling and snowball technique. Research data are those accumulated through interviews and documentations in the course of the research. In this research, disaster management function is taken as a base for explaining the importance of coordination and controlling over NGOs that should be handled by government. It is due to the fact that government is assumed to be the main responsible institution in managing post disaster problems, furthermore international special coordination bodies were also interfering. This bore a more and more complex situation for the NGOs-government history is full of negating-eachother relationships. In Indonesia, NGOs-government relation was progressively more positive after the New-Order’s collapse, these two actors were more equalized. Problems of legal bases implemented by the government in establishing coordination and control over NGOs in managing disaster effects are frequently deemed as the factor of the problem why government is incapable of realizing those two functions. With or without those legal bases, those functions should be run properly. Therefore, those functions can be done in a partnership framework. Each actor have to agree that NGOs and government are not contradictory each other but in composition, and in this agreement government is not supposed to control and restrict NGOs. Government should never think to weaken NGOs by running limitations over them, but contrarily the question is how government and NGOs arrange a deal to meet their respective interests, including those of the disaster victim societies. The research shows things that made coordinations and controls over NGOs of an immense complexity. In the phase of emergency response, government implemented one gate policy for any non-governmental organizations eager to give aid, and the policy was still validated in rehabilitation and reconstruction phase. Coordination was to do using cluster system from the UN and IASC, both at provincial and district levels. The main concept in that system is the concept who does what (WWW or 3W), designed to avoid overlappings. Although the system was run, aid overlappings happened though casuistically. Final solution for those problems were not found in coordination forum at provincial and district levels. The findings of aid overlappings were assumed as better than if there were aid distribution gaps among societies affected by the disaster. Legal bases unclearness in coordinating NGOs also affected surveillance activity run by government over NGOs. NGOs declared that there were no official surveillance activity done by government. Bantul district government delegate the surveillance to communities, meanwhile the DIY government ran the surveillance through coordination forum in which NGOs did not always participate. It indicates that surveillance over NGOs is weak. Finally, although coordination and control over NGOs went not as optimally as wished, we have a significant finding that coordination and control realization was situated in formal and informal mechanism domains. That is that coordination and control implementation has to be done based on agreement between government and NGOs and any non governmental agency, and the implementation is not based on legal regulations mandating government to coordinate and control NGOs. The solution for all those problems is that coordination and control framework in disaster management involving many stakeholders has to be built by the government from the beginning, without waiting for the disaster moment. Both government and NGOs have to establish a synergic relationship, and the wise solution is that they have to immediately implement legal regulations related to disaster management, surely with their respective commitment to escort the regulation.

Kata Kunci : Manajemen Bencana